• A. Fuglesang and D. Chandler, Participation as a Process - what we can learn from Grameen Bank, NORAD, Oslo, 1986.

• Abbi, R., et al. 1991. `The Impact of Maternal Work Status on the Nutritional and Health Status of Children', in Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 13(1).

• Abdullah, Tahrunnesa , Stuart Rutherford and Iftekhar Hossain "BURO, Tangail Rural Savings and Credit Program - Mid Term Review", Manuscript, Dhaka, 1995.

• Abedian I. and M. Desmidt, "The informal economy in South Africa,,"South African Joumal of Economics 58 (1990): 404-424.

• Abugre, C. (1994). Where credit is not due - a critical evaluation of ACORD's experiences with financial services. ACORD Research and Policy programme, Occasional Paper No.6. Reproduced in Hospes et.al (1994). Financial Landscapes Reconstructed. F. J. A. Bouman and O. Hospes. Boulder, Westview.

• ACCION International and The Calmeadow Foundation. 1988. An Operational Guide for M icro- Enterprise Projects. Toronto: Calmeadow.

• Accion International. 1988. An Operational Guide for Micro Enterprise Projects, Accion International, Cambridge, MA.

• ACCION International. 1990. " Informe, Sexto Taller Inter- Programas, Inovacciones Metodologicas y el Desafio de La Masificacion." Mazatenango, Guatelmala: ACCION International. 199 1. " Informe Anual de Estadisticas. " Cambridge, MA: ACCION International.

• Acharya, M., and L. Bennet. 1982. "Women and the Subsistence Sector: Economic Participation and Household DecisionMaking in Nepal." World Bank Staff Working Paper No. 526. Washington, DC: World Bank.

• Ackerley, B. A. (1995). " Testing the tools of development: credit programmes, loan involvement and women's empowerment ." IDS Bulletin 26(3).

• ActionAid - Kenya, "Kariobangi Savings and Credit Programme," (ActionAid - Kenya, 1992).

• Adams, D and von Pischke, J D (1992) 'Microenterprise credit programs: 'deja vu', World Development 20, 1463-1470

• Adams, D. and Shonero (1989). "Rotating Savings and Credit Associations in Bolivia." Savings and Development 13(3).

• Adams, D. W. (1988). "The Conundrum of Successful Credit Projects in Floundering Rural Financial Markets." Economic Development and Cultural Change 36(2): 355-67.

• Adams, D. W. and J. D. V. Pischke (1980). "Fungibility and the Design and Evaluation of Agricultural Credit Pprojects." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 62(4): 719-26.

• Adams, D. W. and M. L. Canavesei (1989). "Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (Pasanuku) in Bolivia." Savings and Development 8(3).

• Adams, D. W., D. H. Graham, et al. (1984). Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit. Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press.

• Adams, D. W., G. Donald, et al., Eds. (1983). Rural Financial Markets in Developing Countries: Their Use and Abuse. Washington DC, Economic Development Institute.

• Adams, Dale W, and Douglas H. Graham. 198 1. "A Critique of Traditional Agricultural Credit Projects and Policies." Journal of Development Economics 8(3):347-66. 1984. "A Critique of Traditional Agricultural Credit Projects and Policies.: In Agricultural Development in the Third World ed. by Carl Eicher and John M. Staatz. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

• Adams, Dale W. "Is inexpensive credit a bargain for small farmers?: the recent Brazil experience," (Colombus, Ohio: Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, 1972)

• Adams, Dale W. and Delbert A. Fitchett, Informal finance in low-income countries (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992).

• Adams, Dale W. and J.D Von Pischke, "Micro-enterprise Credit Programs: Déja Vu.," World Development 20, no. 10 (1992): 1470.

• Adams, Dale W. and Jerry Ladman, "Lending to Rural Poor through Informal Groups: A Promising Financial Market Innovation,"Savings and Development III, no. 2 (1979): 85-94.

• Adams, Dale W. and K. Higurashi, "Transaction costs and innovations in rural financial markets,"in Seminar on Farm Credit (Tokyo: 1987).

• Adams, Dale W. and Marie Lissette Canavesi de Sahonero, "Rotating savings and credit associations in Bolivia,"Savings and Development. 13, no. 3 (1989): 219-236.

• Adams, Dale W. and R.L. Meyer, "Attempting too much and achieving too little through rural financial markets," (Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, 1989).

• Adams, Dale W. and Robert Vogel, "Rural Financial markets in Low Income Countries: Recent controversies and Lessons,"World Development 14, no. 4 (1986): 477-487.

• Adams, Dale W. and Virginia Nazarea-Sandoval, "Informal finance in a semi-rural area of the Philippines,"Savings and Development 16, no. 2 (1992): 159-168.

• Adams, Dale W. & D A Fitchett, eds. 1992, Informal Finance in Low-Income Countries, Westview, Boulder.

• Adams, Dale W. (1992) "Taking a fresh look at informal finance" in Informal finance in low income countries (eds. Adams D and Fitchett D) Westview Press: Oxford

• Adams, Dale W. , "Are arguments for cheap agricultural credit sound?,"in Undermining rural development with cheap credit, ed. Dale Adams, Douglas Graham, and J Von Pischke (Essex: Bowker Publishing Company, 1984), 65-77.

• Adams, Dale W. , "Building durable rural financial markets in Africa,"African Review of Money, Finance and Banking 1, no. 1 (1992): 5-15.

• Adams, Dale W. , "Mobilising household savings through rural financial markets,"Economic Development and Cultural Change 26, no. 3 (1978): 547-560.

• Adams, Dale W. , "Taking a fresh look at informal finance,"in Informal finance in low income countries, ed. Dale Adams and D Fitchett (Oxford: Westview Press, 1992).

• Adams, Dale W. , "The Conundrum of Successful Credit Projects in Floundering Rural Financial Markets,"Economic Developement and Cultural Change 36, no. 2 (1988): 355-367.

• Adams, Dale W. , "The economics of loans to informal groups of small farmers in low income countries," (Columbus, Ohio: Agricultural Finance Program, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ohio State University, 1978).

• Adams, Dale W. , H.Y Chen, and Mario B. Lamberte, "Differences in uses of rural financial markets in Taiwan and the Philippines,"World Development 24, no. 4 (1993): 555-563.

• Adams, Dale W. 1971. "Agricultural Credit in Latin America: A Critical Review of External Funding Policy." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 53 (2): 163-72.

• Adams, Dale W. 1973. "The Case for Voluntary Savings Mobilization: Why Rural Capital Markets Flounder." Mimeo. Washington, DC: USAID, 19:309-34.

• Adams, Dale W. 1978. "Mobilizing Household Savings through Rural Financial Markets." Economic Development and Cultural Change 26(3):547- 60.

• Adams, Dale W. 1984. To Rural Savings Matter?" Studies in Rural Finance, Economics and Sociology Occasional Paper No. 1083. Columbus: Ohio State University.

• Adams, Dale W. 1988. "The Conundrum of Successful Credit Projects in Floundering Rural Financial Markets." Economic Development and Cultural Change 36(2)355-67.

• Adams, Dale W., and Delbert A. Fitchett, eds. 1992. Informal Finance in Low-Income Countries. Boulder, CO:Westview Press.

• Adams, Dale W., and G.I. Nehman. 1979. "Borrowing Costs and the Demand for Rural Credit." Journal of Development Studies 15: 165- 76.

• Adams, Dale W., and Pablo Romero. 1981. "Group Lending to the Rural Poor in the Domincan Republic: A Stunted Innovation. " Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics July: 216-24.

• Adams, Dale W., and Robert C. Vogel. 1986. "Rural Financial Markets in Low Income Countries: Recent Controversies and Lessons." World Development 14(4):477-87.

• Adams, Dale W., Douglas H. Graham, and J. D. Von Pischke (eds.). (1984). Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit. Boulder: Westview Press.

• Adams, Dale, "The Decline in Debt Directing: An Unfinished Agenda", mimeo, USA, 1998.

• Adera, A. (1988). "Agricultural Credit and the Mobilization of Resources in rural Africa." Savings and Development XI(1): 29-73.

• Ades, Alberto and Rafael Di Tella, "The causes and consequences of corruption: a review of recent empirical contributions,"IDS Bulletin 27, no. 2 (1996): 6-11.

• Afwan, Ismah. 1991. "A Review of BRI Unit Development (Background, Philosophy and Historical Analysis). " Mimeo. Jakarta: Center for Policy and Implementation Studies (CPIS).

• Agabin, Meliza H. 1985. "Rural Savings Mobilization: An Asian Perspective and Prospect." CB Review 37:7-1 5.

• Agricultural Credit Board, "Report of the Sub-committee on subsidised credit via commercial banks and other institutions vs. direct subsidies from government," (Pretoria: Department of Agriculture, 1993).

• Ahmed, M.U. "Financing Rural Industries in Bangladesh,"The Bangladesh Development Studies, Vol.12, No 1&2, Special Issue on Rural Industrialisation in Bangladesh, 1984.

• Ahmed, Zia. 1989. "Effective Costs of Rural Loans in Bangladesh" in World Development 17(3):357-363.

• Akerlof, G. A. (1970). "The Market for "Lemons": quality, uncertainty and the market mechanism." Quarterly Journal of Economics 84(3).

• Akerlof, George, "The market for "lemons": Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism,"Quarterly Journal of Economics 83, no. 3 (1970): 488-500.

• Akin, J., et al. 1981. `The Determinants of Breastfeeding in Sri Lanka', Demography, 18: 287-307.

• Alamgir, Dewan. "Micro Credit for Fishing Community: The Community Development Center (CODEC) in Bangladesh, "Case Study No. 9, Credit and Development Forum, Bangladesh, 1997.

• Albee, A., and K.D. Reid. 1991. `Women and Urban Credit in Sri Lanka', in Women, Poverty and Family Survival, Centre for Women's Research, Colombo.

• Aleke-Dondo, C., and Albert Kimanthi Mutua. 1990. Informal Financial Markets in Kenya." Nairobi: Kenya Rural Enterprise Program.

• Alexander M. Counts (ed.) Worm's Eye View: Interviews with Women of the Grameen Bank, Results Educational Fund, Washington D.C. 1992.

• Amin, R., S. Becker, et al. (1998). "NGO-Promoted Microcredit Programs and Women's Empowerment in Rural Bangladesh: Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence." Journal of Development Areas(Winter): 221-236.

• Anderson D. and F Khambata, "Financing small-scale in-dustry and agriculture in developing countries: The merits and limitations of "commercial" policies',"Economic Development and cultural Change 33, no. 2 (1985): 349-371.

• Angel, S, J.H. De Goode, and R.C. Sevilla, "Sharing the risk of being poor: Communal savings games in Bangkok,"Journal of the Siam Society 66, no. Part 2 - July (1978).

• APRACA, "Grassroots Finance" Asia Pacific Rural Finance, A Quarterly Journal of Asia Pacific Rural and Agricultural Credit Association (International Edition), April - December 1997, 124 pgs.

• Ardener, S and Burman, S (1995) Money-go-Rounds: the Importance of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations for Women, Oxford: Berg

• Ardener, S. (1964). "The Comparative Study of Rotating Credit Associations." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 94(1): 201-229.

• Ardener, S. and Burman, S (Editors) (1996) Money-Go-Rounds : The Importance of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations for Women (Cross Cultural Perspectives on Women Series) Berg.

• Ardener, Shirley and Sandra Burman, Money-Go-Rounds: The Importance of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations for Women (Oxford: Berg, 1996).

• Ardener, Shirley, "The Comparative Study of Rotating Credit Associations,"in Money-Go-Rounds: The Importance of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations for Women, ed. Shirley Ardener and Sandra Burman (Oxford: Berg, 1996).

• Ardener, Shirley, "Women making money go round: ROSCAs revisted,"in Money-Go-Rounds: The Importance of Rotating Savings and Credit for Women, ed. Shirley Ardener and Sandra Burman (Oxford: Berg, 1996), 1-21.

• Ardilla Iprosco, Fabio. 1990. "Evaluation of the Omnibus Small Business Enterprise Project." Mimeo. Bogota, Colombia: Catholic Relief Services.

• Aredo, D. (1993). "The Iddir: A Study of an Indigenous Informal Financial Institution in Ethiopia." Savings and Development(1): 77-89.

• Arrossi, S., F. Bombarolo, et al. (1994). Funding community initiatives: the role of NGOs and other intermediary institutions in supporting low income groups and their community organisations in improving housing and living conditions in the Third World.

• Arunachalam, Jaya. 1988. "Credit Needs of Women Workers in the informal Sector, Case Study of Working Women's Forum (India)." Mimeo. Mylapore.

• Aryeetey, E. , "How important are formal and informal finance to micro-enterprise development in Ghana?,"in Rural Development and Finance in West-Africa (University of Ougadou-gou, Ougadougou, Burkina Faso.: 1991).

• ASA, "Dropout In Micro-Credit Operation", ASA, Dhaka, 1996

• Ashe, Jeffrey, Madeline Hirshland, and Jill Burnett. 1992. Access to Credit for Poor Women: A Scale-up Study of Projects Carried out by Freedom from Hunger in Mali and Ghana. Washington, DC: GEMINI.

• Ashe, Jeffrey. 1985. The Pisces 11 Experience: local Efforts in M icro- Enterprise Development, vol.2, Case Studies. Washington, D.C.: USAID.

• Ashe, Jeffrey. 1986. Solidarity Groups and Women's World Bank: Experiences from Cali, Colombia. Cambridge: ACCION.

• Asociacion Grupos Solidarios de Colombia (AGS). 1991 a. "Balance Comparativo 1989-1990. " Mimeo. Bogota, Colombia: AGS.

• Asociacion Grupos Solidarios de Colombia (AGS). 1991 b "Balance General a Diciembre 31 de 1990". Mimeo. Bogota, Colombia: AGS.

• Asociacion Grupos Solidarios de Colombia (AGS). 1991c. "Consolidation and Promotion of Solidarity Groups Microenterprise Programs." Mimeo. Bogota, Colombia: AGS.

• Asociacion Grupos Solidarios de Colombia (AGS). 1991d. "Final Progress Report/Ford Foundation: Intitutional consolidation and Research Project." Mimeo. Bogota, Colombia: AGS.

• Asociacion Grupos Solidarios de Colombia (AGS). 1991e. 1nstitutional Consolidation and Research Project." Final progress report presented to the Ford Foundation. Bogota, Colombia: AGS.

• Asociacion Grupos Solidarios de Colombia (AGS). 1991f. "Presupuesto de Operacion y Funcionamiento para el ano de 199l." Mimeo. Bogota, Columbia: AGS.

• Association of Micro Lenders (South Africa), "Code of conduct," (Association of Micro Lenders, 1996).

• Atiur Rahman, Demand and Marketing Aspects of Grameen Bank: A Closer Look. Grameen Bank, Dhaka, 1986.

• BADEN, S; GOETZ, AM; GREEN, C and GUHATHAKURTA, M (1994) Background to Gender Issues in Bangladesh, commissioned by DFID and based on research by GOETZ, AM, BRIDGE report No 26

• Bakhoum, lbrahima, et al. 1989. Banking the Unbankable: Bringing Credit to the Poor. London: Panos.

• Balkin, Steven, "A Grameen Bank Replication: The Full Circle Fund of the Women's Self-Employment Project of Chicago." Chapter 14 in A. Wahid (ed.) The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh: A New Direction in Poverty Alleviation. WestviewPress, 1993.

• Balkin, Steven, "Business Financing for the Urban Poor: Replicating the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh in the United States." in Emerging Entrepreneurial Strategies in the 1990's, Conference Proceedings of the Seventh Annual National Conference of the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship, D. Naffziger and J. Hornsby, editors, pp. 171 - 183, October 1992.

• Baltensperger, E. "Alternative Approaches to the Theory of the Banking Firm." Journal of Monetary Economics, 6 (January 1980), pp. 1-37.

• Banco Solidario, S.A. (Bancosol). 1991. "Prouecto de Factibilidad." La Paz, Bolivia.

• Banco Solidario, S.A. (Bancosol).1992a. "Policy Statement." La Paz, Bolivia.

• Banco Solidario, S.A. (Bancosol).1992b. "Presupuesto Gestion 1992." La Paz, Bolivia.

• Bangladesh Bank. 1979. Problems and issues of Agricultural Credit and Rural Finance. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bank.

• Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). 1985. Bank Rakyat Indonesia dalam Era Pembangunan 90th Anniversary Book. Jakarta : BRI

• Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). 1990 "Briefing Booklet: KUPEDES Development Impact Survey". Jakarta: Planning Research and Development Department, BRI. '

• Barge, Jim. (1985). "Goodhart's Law Strikes Again." The Banker, vol. 135, no. 8, pp. 27-31.

• Barham, Bradford.L., Stephen Boucher, and Michael.R. Carter, "Credit Constraints, Credit Unions, and Small-Scale Producers in Guatemala,"World Development 24, no. 5 (1996): 793-806.

• Barnes, C., G. Morris, et al. (1998). An Assessment of the Impact of Microfinance Services in Uganda: Baseline Findings. http://www.mip.org, USAID-AIMS.

• Barnes, Carolyn (1996) Assets and the Impact of Microenterprise Finance Programs, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• Bartel, Margaret. 1992. "Financial Ratios: A Tool of Financial Management in Microenterprise Credit Programmes." GEMINI Technical Report No. 7. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Bascom, W. O. (1994). The economics of financial reforms in developing countries.

• Bascom, W. R. (1952). "The Esusu: A Credit Institution of the Yoruba." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 82.

• Bascom, Wilbert. The Economics of Financial Reform in Developing Countries, 1994

• Bath, Paquita, and Dinora Mendes de Sanchez, eds. 1990. The Evolution of a Relationship: A History of OEF International and OEF de EI Salvador. an Salvador: Asociacion para la Organizacion Empresarial Femenina de EI Salvador (OEF/ES)

• Bayadas, Mayada M., Douglas H. Graham, and Liza Valenzuela. (1997). "Commercial Banks in Microfinance: New Actors in the Microfinance World." Occasional Paper No. 2372, Rural Finance Program, Ohio State University.

• Baydas, M. and D.H. Graham, "The demand for financial services by the micro-enterprise sector in selected sites of the Northern Province and KwaZulu/Natal," (Midrand.: Development Bank of Southern Africa, 1996).

• Baydas, Mayada, Douglas H Graham, Liza Valenzuela. Commercial Banks in Microfinance: New Actors in the Microfinance World, Ohio State University, August 1997

• Bear, Marshall A; 1997 NGO / Business Partnership for Sustainable Development in Bangladesh: A Review of Options Enterprise Development consultant

• Bebbington, Anthony , Adalberto Kopp, and Donna Rubinoff, "From choas to strenght? social capital, rural peoples organizations and sustainable rural development," (FAO, 1997).

• Bechtel, P. K. H. and R Zander, "Providing Financial Services to the Rural Poor: IFAD's Experience, Challenges and Evolving Approaches," (International Fund for Agricultural Development, 1994).

• Begashaw, G , "The Role of Traditional Savings and Credit Institutions in Ethiopia,"Savings and Development 2 (1978): 249-262.

• Bell, C. (1990). "Interactions between institutional and informal credit agencies in rural India." World Bank Economic Review 4(3): 297-328.

• Bell, Clive, "Interactions between Institutional and Informal Credit Agencies in Rural India,"World Bank Economic Review 4, no. 3 (1990): 297-327.

• Benbahmed, R. Le système financier informel dans les pays africains de la Zone Franc. Economic Research Papers, No. 25, African Development Bank, Abidjan, 1996.

• Bendick, Marc Jr.; and Mary Lou Egan. (1987) "Transfer Payment Diversion for Small Business Development: British and French Experience" Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 528-542.

• Bennett, L. 1988. `The Role of Women in Income Production and Intrahousehold Allocation of Resources as a Determinant of Child Nutrition and Health', in Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 10(3).

• Bennett, Lynn, Mike Goldberg, and Pamela Hunte. (1996). "Ownership and Sustainability: Lessons on Group-Based Financial Services from South Asia." Journal of International Development, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 271-288.

• Bennett, Lynn. 1990. "An Approach to the Study of Women's Productive Roles as a Determinant of Intra-Household Allocation Patterns." In Intra-Household Resource Allocation: Issues and Methods for Development Policy and Planning, edited by Beatrice Lorge Rogers and Nina R Schlossman. Tokyo: United Nations University.

• Benston GJ. , and C.W. Smith, "A transaction costs approach to the theory of financial intermediation,"Journal of Finance 31, no. 2 (1976): 215-231.

• Bentson, George J., et al. 1986. Safe and Sound Banking. Past, Present, and Future. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

• Berenbach S & Guzman D (1994) "Financial Services for Micro enterprises: Principles and institutions" in The new world of micro enterprise finance (eds. Otero M and Rhyne E) IT publications: London

• Berenbach, S. and Guzman, D. (June 1992). The solidarity group experience. GEMINI Working Paper No. 31. Washington, DC: GEMINI.

• Berenbach, S., and D. Guzman, "The Solidarity Group Experience Worldwide", in Maria Otero and Elizabeth Rhyne, "The New World of Microenterprise Finance", Kumarian Press, West Hartford, 1994, and Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 1994.

• Berenbach, Shari and Craig Churchill. Regulation and Supervision of Microfinance Institutions. Experiences from Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The Microfinance Network. Occasional Paper No.1, 1997

• Berenbach, Shari, and Diego Guzman, "The solidarity group experience worldwide,"in The New World of Microenterprise Finance, ed. Maria Otero and E Rhyne (London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1994), 119-140.

• Berger, Maguerite and Mayra Buvinic, eds. 1989. Women's Ventures: Assistance to the Informal Sector in Latin America. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

• Berger, Marguerite, 1989, 'Giving Women Credit: The Strengths and Limitations of Credit as a Tool for Alleviating Poverty', World Development, 17:7, July, p. 1017-32

• Berger, Marguerite, and Mayra Buvinic (eds.). 1989. Women's Ventures: Assistance to the Informal Sector in Latin America, Kumarian Press, West Hartford, CT.

• Berger, Marguerite. 1989b. An Introduction, in Women's Ventures: Assistance to the Informal Sector in Latin America, Kumarian Press, West Hartford, CT, 1-18.

• Besley, T. How do Market Failures Justify Interventions in Rural Credit Markets? The World Bank Research Observer, vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 27-47. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 1994.

• Besley, Timothy and Ravi Kanbur, "The principles of targeting,"in Current Issues in Development Economics, ed. V Balasubramaniam and S Lafl (London: Macmillan, 1991).

• Besley, Timothy, and Stephen Coate, "Group Lending, Repayment Incentives and Social Collateral,"Journal of Development Economics 46 (1995): 1-18.

• Besley, Timothy, S Coate, and G Loury, "The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations,"American Economic Review 83, no. 4 (1993): 792-810.

• Beuningen, Coen van (1997) 'Outline for Impact Assessment in the Credit Line', mimeo, Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), Washington DC.

• Bhaduri, A. (1977). "On the formation of usurious interest rates in backward agriculture." Cambridge Journal of Economics.

• Bhaduri, A. (1981). "Class Relations and the Pattern of Accumulation in an Agrarian Economy." Cambridge Journal of Economics 5.

• Bhatt, N. (1997). Microenterprise development and the entrepreneurial poor: including the excluded? Public Administration and Development, 17, 371-386.

• Bhatt, N. (1998). Capacity building for microenterprise development.International Journal of Technical Cooperation, 4, 69-82.

• Bhatt, N. (2000). Small-scale entrepreneurship development: the viability of microcredit programs. San Francisco: ICS Press.

• Bhatt, N. and Tang, S. Y. (1998a). The problem of transaction costs in group-based microlending: an institutional perspective. World Development, 32 (4), 623-637.

• Bhatt, N. and Tang, S. Y. (1998b). Group-based microfinance and economic development. In T. Liou (ed.), Handbook of economic development (pp. 115-138). New York, Marcel Dekker.

• Bhatt, N. and Tang, S. Y. (forthcoming). Delivering microfinance in developing countries: controversies and policy perspectives. Policy Studies Journal.

• Bhatt, N. and Tang, S. Y. (forthcoming). Designing group-based microfinance programs: some theoretical and policy considerations. International Journal of Public Administration.

• Bhatt, N. and Thorat, Y.S.P. India's Regional Rural Banks: the institutional dimension of reforms. Paper prepared for the Third Annual Seminar on New Development Finance, September 27 to October 1, 1999, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany

• Bhatt, N., Painter, G. and Tang, S. Y. (1999). Can microcredit work in the US? Harvard Business Review, November/December.

• Bhatt, N., Painter, G. and Tang, S.Y. Microcredit programs in the United States: the challenges of outreach and sustainability. Paper prepared for the Twenty-First Annual Research Conference on Public Policy Analysis and Management, November 4-6, 1999, Washington, D.C.

• Bhatt, Nitin. (1999). "Delivering Microfinance in Developing Countries: Controversies and Policy Perspectives." Policy Studies Journal (forthcoming).

• Bhatt, V. V. (1987). "Financial Innovations and Credit Market Evolution." Economic and Political Weekly 22(22): M45-54.

• Bhende, M.J., "Credit Markets in Rural South India,"Economic and Political Weekly XXI, no. 38-39 (1986): A:119-A:124.

• Biggs, Tyler S., Donaid R. Snodgrass, and Pradeep Srivastava. 1990. "On Minimalist Credit Programs." Development Discussion Paper No. 331. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Institute for International Development.

• Binswanger, Hans and Donald Sffiers, "Risk aversion and credit constraints in farmers' decision making: a reinterpretation,,"Journal of Development Studies 20 (1983): 5-21.

• Binswanger, Hans P. and Mark R. Rosenzweig. 1986. "Behavioral and Material Determinants of Production Relations in Agriculture." Journal of Development Studies 22(3):503-39

• Blair, Harry W. "Agricultural Credit, Political Economy, and Patronage." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, edited by Dale Adams, Douglas Graham, and J.D. Von Pischke, 183-193. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

• Bolnick, Bruce, "Evaluating loan collection performance: An indonesian example,"World Development 16, no. 4 (1988): 501-510.

• Bolznick, B. R. (1992). "Moneylenders and Informal Financial Markets in Malawi." World Development 20(1): 57-68.

• Boomgard, J. J., S. P. Davies, et al. (1992). "A Sub-Sector Approach to Small Enterprise Promotion and Research." World Development 20(2): 371-84.

• Boomgard, James J. 1989. "AID Microenterprise Stocktaking: Synthesis Report." AID Evaluation Special Study No. 65. Washington, DC: USAID

• Boomgard, James J., James Hern, Calvin Miller, and Richard H Patten. 192. "A Review of the Prospects for Rural Financial Institution Development in Bolivia." GEMINI Technical Report No. 3 1. Bethesda, MD:Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Bornstein D (1996) The Price Of A Dream: The Story of the Grameen Bank and the Idea That Is Helping the Poor to Change Their Lives Simon & Schuster: New York

• Bouman, F J A and Hospes, O (eds) (1994) Financial Landscapes Reconstructed, Boulder: Westview

• Bouman, F. J. A. (1979). " The ROSCA, Financial Technology of an Informal Savings and Credit Institution in Developing Economies ." Savings and Development 3(4).

• Bouman, F. J. A. and O. Hospes, Eds. (1994). Financial Landscapes Reconstructed. Boulder, Westview.

• Bouman, F.J.A. and Hospes, eds. 1994, Financial Landscapes Reconstructed: the Fine Art of Mapping Development, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

• Bouman, F.J.A., "Indigenous Savings and Credit Societies in the Developing World,"Development Digest 16, no. 3 (1978): 36-47.

• Bouman, F.J.A., "Indigenous Savings and Credit Societies in The Third World. A Message,"Savings and Development 1 (1977): 181-214.

• Bouman, F.J.A., "ROSCA and ASCRA: Beyond the Finacial Landscape,"in Financial Landscapes Reconstructed: The Fine Art of Mapping Development,, ed. F.J.A Bouman and Otto Hospes (Boulder and Oxford: Westview Press, 1994).

• Bouman, F.J.A., "Rotating and Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations: A Development Perspective," World Development 23, no. 3 (1995): 371-384.

• Bouman, F.J.A., and Harteveld K, "The Djanggi: A Traditional Form of Savings and Credit in West Cameroon.,"Sociologica ruralis 16, no. 1-2 (1976).

• Bouman, F.J.A., and R. Houtman, "Pawnbroking as an Instrument of Rural Banking in the Third World,"Economic Development and Cultural Change 37, no. 1 (1988): 69-89.

• Bouman, F.J.A., Small, Short and Unsecured: Informal Rural Finance in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989).

• Bouman, F.J.A., "Informal Savings and Credit Arrangements in Developing Countries: Observations from Sri Lanka,"in Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit., ed. Dale Adams (1984).

• Bouman, F.J.A., "The ROSCA: Financial technology of informal savings and credit institutions in developing countries,"Savings and Development 3, no. 4 (1979).

• Bourne, Compton and Douglas Graham, "Problems with specialized agricultural lenders,"in Undermining rural development with cheap credit, ed. Dale Adams, Douglas Graham, and J Von Pischke (Essex: Bowker Publishing Company, 1984), 36-58.

• Bourne, Compton, and Douglas H. Graham. 1980. "Funding and Viability of Rural Development Banks.' Savings and Development 4(4):303-19.

• Bratton, M., "Financing smallholder production: A comparison of individual and group credit schemes in Zimbabwe,"Public Administration and Development 6 (1986): 115-132.

• Bratton, Michael, 1986. "Financing Smallholder Production: A Comparison of Individual and Group Credit Schemes in Zimbabwe." in Public Administration and Development 6(2)115- 32.

• Braverman and J. Luis Guasch, "Insitution Analysis of Credit Co-operatives,"in The economic theory of agrarian institutions, ed. Pranab Bardhan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 340-355.

• Braverman, A. and J. L. Guasch (1986). "Rural Credit markets and institutions in developing countries: lessons for policy analysis from practice and modern theory." World Development 14(10/11): 1253-1267.

• Braverman, Avishay. 1989. "Rural Credit Reforms in LDCs: Issues and Evidence." in Journal of Economic Development 14:105-21.

• Brinkerhoff, Derick W. (1991). Improving Development Program Performance: Guidelines for Managers. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

• Bruntrup, M., S. M. Alauddin, et al. (1997). Impact Assessment of the Association for Social Advancement.

• Brydon, L., and S. Chant. 1989. Women in the Third World: Gender Issues in Rural and Urban Areas, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ.

• Buckley, "Indigenous Enterprise and Economic Development in Africa: An exploration into the Business Behaviour of Entrepreneurs in Informal Sector Economies in Kenya, Malawi and Ghana"(PhD, University of Manchester, 1997).

• Buckley, G (1997) 'Microfinance in Africa: is it either the problem or the solution?', World Development 25(7), 1081-1094.

• Buckley, G. (1996). Financing the Jua Kali Sector in Kenya. Finance Against Poverty. D. Hulme and P. Mosley. London, Routledge. 2: 271-332.

• Buckley, G. (1997). "Microfinance in Africa: is it either the problem of the solution." World Development 25(7).

• Buckley, G. (1997). "Understanding the informal sector using sub-sector analysis." Development in Practice 7(4): 428-431.

• Buckley, Graeme, "Microfinance in Africa: is it either the problem or the solution?", World Development, vol. 25, No 7 (1997).

• Buechler, "Third World Rural Women and Credit: Changing Conceptual Frameworks, State Policies, Financial Institutions, and Development Organizations"(Cornell University, 1992).

• Buechler, S. (1995). "The Key to lending to women microentrepreneurs." Small Enterprise Development 6(2).

• Buechler, Simone, Third World Rural Women and Credit: Changing Conceptual Frameworks, State Policies, Financial Institutions, and Development Organizations Thesis. Cornell University, January, 1992.

• Buechler, Simone. 1995. "The Key to Lending to Women Micro- Enterprises" in Small Enterprise Development 6(2): 4-15.

• Burkett, Paul, "Informal Finance in Developing Countries: Lessons for the Development of Formal Financial Intermediaries,"Journal of Economic Development 13, no. 2 (1988).

• Burkett, Paul, "Group Lending Programs and Rural Finance in Developing Countries,"Savings and Development XIII, no. 4 (1989): 401-419.

• Burman, Sandra and Nozipho Lembete, "Building New Realities: african Women and ROSCAs in Urban South Africa,"in Money-Go-Rounds: The Importance of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations for Women, ed. Shirley Ardener and Sandra Burman (Oford: Berg, 1996), 23-47.

• BURO, Tangail, "Sustainable Rural Savings and Credit Programme, Project Document, Phase IV (1997-2001)", BURO, Tangail, Dhaka, 1996.

• BURO, Tangail, "Sustainable Rural Savings and Credit Programme, Project Document, Phase IV (1997-2001)", BURO, Tangail, Dhaka, 1996.

• Buvinic, M., and M. Berger. 1990. `Sex Differences in Access to a Small Enterprise Development Fund in Peru', in World Development, 18(5): 695-705.

• Buvinic, M., and S. Yudelman. 1989. Women, Poverty and Progress in the Third World, Headline Series, No. 289, Foreign Policy Association, New York.

• Buvinic, Mayra. 1989. " Investing in Poor Women: The Psychology of Donor Support" in World Development 17 (7).

• Buzzard, Shirley, and Elaine Edgcomb, eds. 1987. Monitoring and Evaluating Small Business Projects: A Step by Step Guide fro Private Development Organizations. New York: PACT Publications.

• Calavan, Kay, HI Latifee and Muhammad Yunus, 1989, The Grameen Bank Project, in Mann, Charles K, Merilee S Grindle and Parker Shipton, eds, 1989, Seeking Solutions: Framework and Cases for Small Enterprise Development Programs, Kumarian Press, W Hartford, CT., p. 239-71

• Callier, P. (1993). Financial systems and development in Africa. World Bank. EDI Seminar.

• Calomiris, C. W. and C. P. Himmelberg (1994). Directed credit programs for agriculture and industry: arguments from theory and fact in (eds), World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1993 - available on. World Bank Conference on Development Economics.

• CAMACHO Efrain. Private Financial Funds. Alternatives for the Financing of the Small and Micro Enterprise. IBEE, La Paz, July 1995.

• CAMPERO, Cecilia. Analytic Inventory of Rural Savings in Bolivia. La Paz, PROFIN/COSUDE and FINRURAL, October 1997.

• Cardoso F (1979) Dependency and development in Latin America University of California Press: Berkeley

• Carloni, A.S. 1984. `The Impact of Maternal Employment and Income on the Nutritional Status of Children in Rural Areas of Developing Countries: What is known, what is not known, where the gaps are', a report prepared for FAO, Administrative Committee on Coordination, Subcommittee on Nutrition, Rome.

• Carpenter, Janney, "Bangladesh"in "Regulation and Supervision Case Studies" Manuscript, 1997.

• Carperter, Janney and Julia Vindasius (1996), Microcredit in Transitional Economies. Leed Programme. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

• Carr, Marilyn, Martha Chen and Renana Jhabvala (Eds.) Speaking Out, Women’s Economic Empowerment in South Asia, Aga Khan Foundation Canada and UNIFEM.

• Carroll, Thomas, "Group Credit for Small Farmers,"USAID Spring Review of Small Creidt for Farmers 19 (1973): 264-282.

• CASANOVAS S. Roberto. Assistance Programs for the Microenterprise : An Approximation of the Bolivian Experience. La Paz, idem, 1993.

• CASANOVAS S. Roberto. Institute for the Development of the Small Productive Unit. Assistance Programs to Informal Economic Units in Bolivia : Current Situation and Perspectives. La Paz, IDEPRO, 1991.

• Casely, D and Lury, D A (1982) Monitoring and Evaluation of Agricultural and Rural Development Projects, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press

• Castello, Carlos, Katherine Sterns, and Robert Peck Christen. 1991. Exposing Interest Rates: Their True Significance for Microentrepreneurs and Credit Programs. Discussion Paper No. 6. Cambridge, MA: ACCION International.

• Castello, Carlos. 1991 a. Asociacion Grupos Solidarios de Colombia: Definicion, Programas y Resultados. "Mimeo/ Bogota, Colombia.

• CATHOLIC Relief Services. Workshop Report. Characteristics and Strengths of the Market for Microcredit in the Sectors of Greatest Poverty in Bolivia. La Paz, AGRODATA, 1996.

• Center for Policy and Implementation (CPI). 1986. Untitled report.

• Center for Women and Development, 1989. "Production Credit for Rural Women Project. An Impact Evaluation Study." Mimeo. Katmandu, Nepal.

• CEPAL. 1984. La Mujer en el Sector Urbano: America Latina y el Caribe, Santiago, Chile.

• Cernea, Michael, ed. 1985. Putting People First: Sociological Variables in Rural Development. New York: Oxford University Press.

• CGAP Working Group on Savings Mobilization, "Savings Mobilization Strategies - Lessons From Four Experiences", CGAP Working Group, Eschborn (1998).

• CGAP Working Group on Savings Mobilization, "Savings Mobilization Strategies - Lessons From Four Experiences", mimeo GTZ, Eschborn, 1998.

• CGAP, Microcredit Interest Rates; Occasional Paper #1, World Bank Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest, 12pp; 1996

• CGAP, "A policy framework for the Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP)- a microfinance programme".

• CGAP, "Microfinance : the new emerging market?", by Mohini Malhotra, Newsletter No. 3.

• CGAP, "Strengthening Asian MFIs",by Jyita Mukherjee, Newsletter No. 5.

• CGAP, "The Microcredit Summit Report", communique issued by the Council of Heads of State and Government at the Microcredit Summit,1997.

• CGAP, "Three innovative institutions in Bangladesh: BRAC, ASA and Buro-Tangail", by Gregory Chen, Newsletter No. 5.

• CGAP, "Towards creating a poverty-free world", by Mohammad Yunus, Newsletter No. 1.

• CGAP, Cost Allocation for Multi-Service Micro-finance Institutions; Occasional Paper #2, World Bank Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest, 28pp; 1996

• CGAP, The Hidden Beast: delinquency in Microenterprise Credit Programs, CGAP Briefs and Focus Notes 1-5, Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest, World Bank

• CGAP, UNDP, "Microfinance in Vietnam "A collaborative study based upon the experiences of NGOs, UN agencies and bilateral donors", Hanoi, May 1996, 23 pgs. + 10 annexes.

• Chambers, R (1997) Whose Reality Counts? Putting the First Last, London: IT Publications

• Chambers, Robert. 1984. Rural Development: Putting the last First. London: Longman

• Chandavarkar, Anand, "Of finance and development: neglected and unsettled questions,"World Development 20, no. 1 (1992): 133-142.

• Chandravarkar, Anand G. 1987. "The Informal Financial Sector in Developing Countries". Occasional paper No. 2. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Center

• Chao-Beroff, R. Capitalisation d'une expérience de mise en place de caisses villageoises d'épargne et de crédit autogérées: le cas du Burkina Faso, du Mali et de la Gambie, Caisse Françise de Coopération conomique, Paris, 1990.

• Chao-Beroff, Renee (1997) 'Impact Assessment Seen From an NGO Practitioner's Scope', mimeo, Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), Washington DC.

• Chao-Beroff, Renee. (1997). "Developing Financial Services in Disadvantaged Regions: Self-managed Villages Savings and Loan Associations in the Dogon Region of Mali." In Hartmut Schneider (ed.), Microfinance for the Poor?, pp. 87-108. Paris: OECD.

• Chaves R. and C. Gonzalez-Vega, "Principles of Regulation and Prudential Supervision and Their Relevance for Microenterprise Finance Organizations", in Otero, Maria, and Elizabeth Rhyne, "The New World of Microenterprise Finance" Kumarian Press, West Hartford, 1994, and Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 1994.

• Chaves R. and C. Gonzalez-Vega, "Principles of Regulation and Prudential Supervision and Their Relevance for Microenterprise Finance Organizations", in Otero, Maria, and Elizabeth Rhyne, The New World of Microenterprise Finance, Kumarian Press, West Hartford, 1994, and Intermediate Technology Publications, London (1994).

• Chaves, Rodrigo A. and Claudio Gonzalez-Vega. (1996). "The Design of Successful Rural Financial Intermediaries: Evidence from Indonesia." World Development, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 65-78.

• Chavez, Rodrigo A. and Claudio Gonzales Vega. "Principles of Regulation and Prudential Supervision and their Relevance for Microenterprise Finance Organization."New World of Micrenterprise Finance. eds Maria Otero and Elizabeth Rhyne, Kumarian Press, 1994

• Chen, M A and Dunn, E (1996) Household Economic Portfolios, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• Chen, M. A. (1996). Beyond Credit: A Subsector Approach to Promoting Women's Enterprises. Ottawa, Canada, Aga Khan Foundation.

• Chen, M. A. and E. Dunn (1996). Household Economic Portfolios. Washington DC, USAID, AIMS.

• Chen, Marta (1996), Beyond Credit: A Subsector Approach to Promoting Women's Enterprises, Aga Khan Foundation Canada and the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID).

• Chen, Martha Alter. 1991. Coping with Seasonality and Drought, New Delhi: Sage.

• Chipeta, C. and M Mkandawire, "The informal financial sector in Malawi,"African Review of Finance, Money, and Banking 2 (1992).

• Choudhuri, A. H. M. Nurul, Islam; Choudhury Toufic A; Moral, Liakat H; Banerjee, Prashanta K; An Evaluation of the Impact of Reform in the Financial Sector Volume xx, Nos. 3 & 4, September & December, 1995

• Choudhuri, A. H. M., Nurul, Islam; Choudhury, Toufic, Ahmed; Roy, Mihir, Kumar; Interlinkage Between Banks, NGOs and Informal credit Sectors for Rural Development in Bangladesh Bank Parikrama Volume xxi, Nos.1 & 2, March and June 1996,

• Choudhury, Toufic A.; 1996. A Report on Investment Banking Opportunities in Bangladesh Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management

• Choudhury, Toufic A.; Roy, Mihir K.; Rafiquddin, Quazi; 1994. A study on anatomy of Rural Bank Branches

• Chowdhury, A., Farouk; Rahman, Atiq; 1989. Urban informal financial market in Bangladesh, Research Report no. 103, Dhaka, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies

• Chowdhury, A.M.R., and Alam M.A., "BRAC's Poverty Alleviation Efforts: A Quarter Century of Experiences and Learning", in "Who Needs Credit ? Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh" (eds.) G.D. Wood and I. Sharif, University Press Limited, Dhaka, 1997, and Zed Books, UK, 1997.

• Chowdhury, Mahboob-ul-Islam (1987), "Housing for the Shelterless: Grameen Bank's Experience". Paper presented at the International Workshop on the Role of Non-Governmental Organizations and Community-based Groups in Human Settlements held in Ahmedabad, India from 13 to 17 March, 10 pp.

• Christen, R., E. Rhyne, et al. (1995). Maximising the Outreach of Microenterprise Finance: Emerging Lessons of Successful Programs. A Summary of findings and recommendations. Finance Against Poverty, Reading University.

• Christen, Robert P. "Issues in the Regulation and Supervision of Microfinance."Paper presented at the ACCION conference "Regulations and Supervision of Microfinance Institutions" Washington D.C., November 27-28, 1995.

• Christen, Robert P., Elizabeth Rhyne, Robert C. Vogel. Maximizing the Outreach of Microenterprise Finance: The Emerging Lessons of Successful Programs, September 1994

• Christen, Robert Peck, Elisabeth Rhyne, and Robert Vogel. 1994. Maximizing the Outreach of Microenterprise Finance: The Emerging Lessons of Successful Programmes. VA:IMCC.

• Christen, Robert Peck, Elisabeth Rhyne, Robert C. Vogel and Cressida McKean, "Maximizing the Outreach of Microenterprise Finance - An Analysis of Successful MicroFinance Programs", Centre for Development Information and Evaluation, USAID Program and Operations Assessment Report No. 10, Washington (1996).

• Christen, Robert Peck, Elisabeth Rhyne, Robert Vogel, and Cressida McKean. (1995). "Maximizing the Outreach of Microenterprise Finance: An Analysis of Successful Microfinance Programs." USAID Program and Operations Assessment Report No. 10. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Agency for International Development.

• Christen, Robert Peck. 1989. "What Microenterprise Credit Programmes Can Learn From the Moneylenders. "Discussion Papers Series No. 4, Cambridge, MA:ACCION International.

• Christen, Robert Peck. 1990. Financial Management of Micro-Credit Programs: A Guidebook for NG0s. Cambridge, ACCION International.

• Chua, Ronald, & Gilberto M. Llanto, 1995, Assessing the Efficiency and Outreach of Microfinance Schemes, ILO, Geneva

• Churchill, Craig F., "Managing Growth: The Organizational Architecture of Microfinance Institutions," Paper prepared for Microenterprise Best Practices, Development Alternatives, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, May 1997, 98 pgs.

• Churchill, Craig F., "The Shifting Paradigm in Microfinance - the Case of Get Ahead’s Stokvel Lending Programme," Small Enterprise Development, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 1997, pp. 32-40.

• CIPAME-FINRURAL. Financial Bulletin MICROFINANZAS No. 1. October 1997, La Paz.

• Clark, P. and A. J. Kays (1995). Enabling Entrepreneurship: Microenterprise Development in the United States, Aspen Institute.

• Cochrane, A.S., J. Leslie, and D.J. O'Hara. 1982. `Parental Education and Child Health: Intra Country Evidence', in Health Policy and Education, 2: 213-250.

• Coetzee J.K.(ed.) (1986) Development is for people Macmillan: Johannesburg

• Coetzee, Gerhard, "Institutional change in rural financial markets in South Africa," (1996), 176-205.

• Coetzee, Jan Karel (ed.) Development is for people, New expanded ed. (Johannesburg: Southern Book, 1992).

• Cohen, M. and G. Gaile (1998). Highlights and Recommendations of the Second Virtual Meeting of the CGAP Working Group on Impact Assessment Methodologies, April 14-28, 1998. http://www.mip.org, USAID/AIMS.

• Colclough C et al (1991) States or markets? : neo-liberalism and the development policy debate Clarendon Press: New York

• Collier, P. and C. Mayer (1989). "The assessment of financial liberalization, financial systems, and economic growth." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 5(4).

• Collymore y (1995) " Women-Finance: Micro-Credit The New Fall Fashion Statement" in the Inter Press Service English News Wire 9 November 1995

• CONLIN, S (July 1997) Microfinance and Poverty Reduction, Non-paper for discussion in the European Union Member States' Expert Group

• Conning, Jonathan. (1999) "Outreach, Sustainability and Leverage in Monitored and Peer-Monitored Lending" forthcoming in Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 60, No. 1.

• Conroy, J. D., K. W. Taylor and G. B. Thapa. Best Practice of Banking with the Poor. Brisbane, The Foundation for Development Cooperation, 1995.

• Cooperation South, "The Grameen Bank: Replicating a Success Story". Cooperation South, December 1991, pp. 3-7.

• Cope, T., and Kurtz D.V., "Default and the Tanda: A Model Regarding Recruitment for Rotating Credit Associations,"Ethnology 10 (1980): 241-263.

• Copestake, J. G. (1988). "The Transition to Social Banking in India: promises and pitfalls." Development Policy Review 6(2): 139-164.

• Copestake, J. G. (1995). "Finance against poverty: a conference report." Development in Practice 5(3): 264-5.

• Copestake, J. G. (1995). "Poverty-Oriented Financial Service Programmes: Room for Improvement?" Savings and Development 19(4): 417-35.

• Copestake, J. G. (1996). "Gandhian and neoclassical insights into group lending: a case study from the Tamilnadu countryside." Journal of Rural Development 15(1).

• Copestake, J. G. (1996). "NGO-Donor collaboration and the new policy agenda -the case of subsidised credit." Public Administration and Development 16: 855-66.

• Copestake, J. G. (1996). "The resilience of IRDP: reform and perpetuation of an Indian Myth." Development Policy Review 14: 1-18.

• Copestake, J., S. Balhotra, et al. (1998). Impact Assessment of the PULSE microfinance programme in Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.bath.ac.uk/cds/, Centre for Development Studies, University of Bath, UK.

• Copestake, James G, 1995, 'Poverty oriented financial service programs: room for improvement?�f Savings and Development, Vol. 19, #4, p. 417-36.

• Copestake, James.G., "NGO sponsorship of group lending in rural India: context, theory and a case study," (Bath: Centre for Development Studies, University of Bath., 1994).

• Copestake, James.G., "Poverty orientated fiancial service programmes: room for improvement?,"Savings and Development 4, no. XIX (1995): 417-433.

• Cornia, G.A. and E Stewart, "Two errors of targeting,"Journal of International Development 5, no. 5 (1993): 459-496.

• Corporation of Private Institutions for Assistance to the Microenterprise. Development Program of the Corporation of Private Institutions to Assist the Microenterprise (CIPAME). La Paz, CIPAME, October 1993.

• Count, Alexander M, 1996, Give Us Credit, Research Press, New Delhi.

• Counts, Alex, 1996, Give Us Credit, Research Press, New Delhi.

• Creevey, Lucy. 1996. Changing Women's Lives and Work: An Analysis of the Impacts of Eight Microenterprise Projects. London: IT Publications.

• Cross, C., "Informal Credit - or, how does a rural community capitalise itself?," (Durban.: Centre for social studies, Natal University, 1986).

• Crow, B. (1994). Finance in Context: Exploring Diverse Exchange Conditions. Financial Landscapes Reconstructed. F. J. A. Bouman and O. Hospes. Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press: 271-91.

• Cuevas, C.K., and DH Graham, "Rationing agricultural credit in developing countries: The role and determinants of transaction costs for borrowers,"in Agriculture in a turbulent world economy, ed. A Maunder and A Renborg (Hampshire: Gower Publishers, 1985), 680-685.

• Cull, Robert J; 1997; Financial Sector Adjustment Lending: a Mid-Course Analysis Policy Research Working Paper 1804, The World Bank

• Currie, Antony, "Small lenders count too", Euromoney (July 1996).

• DANIELS, L; MEAD, DC and MUSINGA, M (September 1995) Employment and income in micro and small enterprises in Kenya, results of a 1995 survey, Research paper N°26, Kenya Rural Enterprise Programme, Nairobi

• Darling, Malcolm, The Punjab Peasant in Prosperity and Debt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1924).

• De Santis, Dennis, and Paola long. 1989. "Microenterprise Stocktaking: Cameroon. AID Evaluation." Occasional paper No. 23. Washington, DC:US AID.

• Deaton, Angus. (1997) The Analysis of Household Surveys: A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy, Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins.

• Deeba Farah and Ishrat Ara, "A Note on Providing Access to Savings of VO Members" BRAC, Dhaka, November 1995.

• DeLancey, Virginia, "The Role of Credit Unions in Development for West African Women,"in Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the African Studies Association (Bloomington, Indiana: 1981).

• Delancy, M. W. (1977). "Credit for the Common Man in Cameroon." Journal of Modern African Studies 15(2).

• Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Microfinance for the Poor, Hartmut Schneider,ed. (1997).

• Devereux S, Pares H & Best J (1990) Credit and savings for development, 2nd edition Oxfam: Oxford

• Devereux, S and Hoddinott, M (1993) Field Research in Developing Countries, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf

• Devereux, S., and H. Pares. 1987. A Manual on Credit and Savings for the Poor of Developing Countries, OXFAM (UK).

• Devereuz, S., H. Pares, et al. (1987). Credit and savings for development. Oxford, Oxfam.

• DHONTE, R with BARON,C; FOURMAINTRAUX, A; RABES, J; RISACHER, J and STAMPA, N (November 1994) Evaluation of credit and savings projects cofinanced by the European Commission with NGOs, AXE

• Dichter, T. (1997). Appeasing the Gods of Sustainability: The Future of International NGOs in Microfinance. NGOs, States and Donors: Too Close for Comfort? D. Hulme and M. Edwards. London, Macmillan/ SCF UK.

• Dichter, Thomas W. (1996). "Questioning the Future of NGOs in Microfinance." Journal of International Development, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 259-269.

• Dichter, Tom, "The Alexandria Business Association "Small & Microenterprise Project", Sustainable Banking with the Poor - Case Studies in Microfinance, 1998, http://www-esd.worldbank.org/html/esd/agr/sbp/1998/abashort.htm (accessed 28 July, 1998)

• Donald, G., Credit for small farmers in developing countries ( Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1976).

• Donald, Gordon. 1976. Credit for Small Farmers in Developing Countries. Boulder, CO:Westview Press.

• Donor Committee on Small Enterprise Development (1998). Business Development Services for SMEs: Preliminary Guideline for Donor-Funded Interventions.

• Downing, Jeanne. 1990. "Gender and the Growth and Dynamics of Microenterprises." GEMINI Working Paper No. 5. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Drake, Deborah, and Maria Otero. 1992. Alchemists for the Poor: NGO's as Financial Institutions. Cambridge, MA: ACCION International.

• Dreze, Jean, Peter Lanjouw, and Naresh Sharma, Credit in Rural India: A Case Study, 6 vols., The Development Economics Research Programme, vol. 6 (London: London School of Economics, 1997).

• Due, Jean M, and others, "Funding small-scale enterprises for African women: case-studies in Kenya, Malawi and Tanzarda,"African Development Review (1991): 58-81.

• Dunn, E, Kalaitzandonakes, N and Valdivia, C (1996) Risk and the Impacts of Microenterprise Services, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• Dunn, Elizabeth (1996) Households, Microenterprises and Debt, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• DWGFSD/CDASED, Micro and Small Enterprise Finance: Guiding Principles for Selecting and Supporting Intermediaries; Donors' Working Group on Financial Sector Development and the Committee of Donor Agencies for Small Enterprise Development; 10pp; 1995.

• Ebdon, Rosamund. 1995. %GO Expansion and the Fight to Reach the Poor: Gender Implications of NGO Scaling-up in Bangladesh in IDS Bulletin 25(3): 49-55.

• Economic Research Unit, "Preliminary results of the survey of small and micro-enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal," (Durban: Economic Research Unit, University of Natal, Durban, 1995).

• Edgcomb, E. and C. Garber (1998). Practitioner-Led Impact Assessment: A Test in Honduras. http://www.mip.org, USAID, AIMS.

• Edgcomb, E. and J. Cawley, "The Process of Institutional Development: Assisting Small Enterprise Institutions Become More Effective", in Otero, Maria, and Elizabeth Rhyne, "The New World of Microenterprise Finance", Kumarian Press, West Hartford, 1994, and Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 1994.

• Edgcomb, Elaine L. and James Cawley. (1994). "The Process of Institutional Development: Assisting Small Enterprise Institutions Become More Effective." In Maria Otero and Elisabeth Rhyne (eds.), The New World of Microenterprise Finance: Building Healthy Institutions for the Poor, pp. 76-93. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

• Edgcombe and Cawley, An Institutional Guide for Enterprise Development Organizations, SEEP; 312pp; 1993.

• Egger, Philippe, "Banking for the Rural Poor: Lessons from some Innovative Savings and Credit Schemes," International Labour Review 125, no. 4 (1986): 447-462.

• Ehlers, T. B. and K. Main (1998). "Women and the False Promise of Microenterprise." Gender and Society 12(4): 424-440.

• Esman, Milton J. and Norman Uphoff. 1984. Local Organizations: Intermediaries in Rural Development. Ithica, NY: Comell University Press.

• Evans, R., M. Gatward, et al. (1998). "Measuring the developmental impact of small enterprise development using social accounting techniques." Small Enterprise Development 9(3): 28-36.

• Evans, T.G., M. Rafi, A. Adams, A.M.R. Chowdhury, "Barriers to participation in BRAC RDP", BRAC, Dhaka, 1995.

• Everett Jana, and Mira Savara, "Bank Loans to the Poor in Bombay: Do Women Benefit?,"Signs 10, no. 2 (1984): 272-290.

• Farbman, Michael. 1981. "The Pisces Studies: Assisting the Smallest Economic Activities of the Urban Poor." Washington, DC:USAID.

• Feinstein, Osvaldo (1997) 'A Transaction Costs Approach for Microfinance Project Assessment', mimeo, Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), Washington DC.

• Fernandez, AP (1993) The Myrada Experience: Alternate Management Systems for Savings and Credit of the Rural Poor, Bangalore, Myrada.

• Fernando, Nimal A. 1988. "The Interest Rate Structure and Factors Affecting Interest Rate Determination in the Informal Rural Credit market in Sri Lanka." Savings and Development 12(3): 249-67.

• Ferrand, D. (1997). Financial Analysis of Microfinance Institutions: An introductory guide. Nairobi, Kenya, DFID, BASE.

• Fischer, William, Jeffrey Poyo, and Ann Beasley. 1992. "Evaluation of the Micro and Small Enterprise Development Project in Bolivia." GEMINI Technical Report No. 42. Bethesda, MD:Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Fishe Pat, and L Chen, "Informal Financial Arrangments and the Stability of Deposit insurance in less Developed Countries,"Southern Economic Journal , no. July (1993).

• Fishe R.P.H., and Vogel R.C., "Implications of Deposit Insurance for Informal Financial Arrangements," (Miami: University of Miami, 1988).

• Fisseha, Yacob, and Michael A. McPherson. 1991. "A Countrywide Study of SmallScale Enterprises in Swaziland." GEMINI Technical Report No. 24. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Fisseha, Yacob. 1991. "Small-Scale Enterprises in Lesotho: Summary of a CountryWide Survey." GEMINI Technical Report No. 14. Bethesda, MD:Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Fleisig, Heywood. How Legal Restrictions on Collateral Limit Access to Credit in Bolivia, World Bank Report No. 13873-BO, December 1994

• Fleming, M. (1994). Technical Guide for the Analysis of Microenterprise Finance Institutions, Inter-American Development Bank: Microenterprise Division.

• Floro, S. L. and P. A. Yotopoulos (1991). Informal Credit Markets and the New Institutional Economics: The Case of Phillipine Agriculture. Boulder, Westview Press.

• Floro, S.L., and P. A. Yotopoulos. 1991. Informal Credit Markets and the New Institutional Economics. The Case of Philippine Agriculture. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

• Fong, M., and H. Perrett. 1991. Women and Credit, FINAFRICA, Cariplo Press, Milan.

• Foundation for Development Cooperation (1992). Banking with the poor: report and recommendations. Brisbane, Australia, Foundation for Development Cooperation.

• Freres, Christian. 1989. Informe Final, Evaluacion de Impact, 1989." Bogata, Colombia: Asociacion Grupos Solidarios.

• Frideman, M. and A. J. Schwartz. A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963.

• Fruman, Cecile, "FEDECAM", Sustainable Banking with the Poor - Case Studies in Microfinance, http://www-esd.worldbank.org/html/esd/agr/sbp/abstract/fececam.html (accessed 28 July, 1998)

• Fry, Maxwell J. 1988. Money, Interest, and Banking in Economic Development. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

• Fuglesang, A and Chandler, D (1986) Participation as Process: What We Can Learn From the Grameen Bank, Oslo: NORAD

• Fuglesang, A and Chandler, D (1993) Participation as Process - Process as Growth, Dhaka: Grameen Trust

• Fuglesang, Andreas and Dale Chandler, Participation as Process - Process as Growth - what we can learn from he Grameen Bank, Grameen Trust, Dhaka, December 1993.

• Fuglesang, Andreas and Dale Chandler, Participation As Process, Process As Growth - What can we learn from Grameen Bank. ISBN: 984-05-1238-2, Oslo: Norwegian Ministry for Development Cooperation (NORAD).

• Gadway, John F, Tantri M. H. Gadway, and Jacob Sardi. 1991. "An Evaluation of the Institutional Aspects of Financial Institutions Development Project, Phase 1 in Indonesia." GEMINI Technical Report No. 15. Bethesda, MD:Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Gaile, G L (1997) Highlights and Recommendations from the Microenterprise Impact Virtual Meeting, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• Gaile, G L and Foster, J (1996) Review of Methodological Approaches to the Study of the Impact of Microenterprise Credit Programs, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• Gaile, Gary L. and Jennifer Foster. (1996). "Review of Methodological Approaches to the Study of the Impact of Microenterprise Credit Programs." Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services. Washington, D.C.: Management Systems International.

• Gallardo Joselito. "Leasing to Support Small Businesses and Microenterprises,"Policy Research Working Paper No. 1857, World Bank, 1997

• Gamser, M. 1992. `Sub-sector Analysis: a Macro Analytical Tool for Micro Enterprise Support', in Small Enterprise Development Journal, 3(1), op. cit.

• Garavito, Jaime A. " Programa de Grupos Solidarios para Trabajadores Independientes, Evaluacion de Impacto." Bogota, Colombia: Asociacion Grupos Solidarios.

• Garson, J. The Small Scale Enterprise Programme in Lesotho. New York, UNCDF, 1993.

• Gary Gaile and Jennifer Foster, Review of Methodological Approaches to the Study of the Impact of Microenterprise Credit Programs; USAID AIMS Project.

• Gautam, Madhur, P. B. R. Hazell, and Harold Alderman, Rural demand for drought insurance (Washington, DC: World Bank, Agriculture and Natural Resources Dept., Agriculture Policies Division and Policy Research Dept., Poverty and Human Resources Division, 1994).

• Geerdes, V. (1975). "Precursors of Modern Social Security: Indigenous African Institutions." Journal of Modern African Studies 13(2).

• Geertz, C. (1962). "Rotating Savings and Credit Associations: The Middle Rung in Economic Development." Economic Development and Cultural Change 10(3).

• GEMINI, (1995) GEMINI's ARP3 Research Working Document, USAID from USAID's Microenterprise Development Briefs Number 5

• GENTIL, D et NIEUWKERK, M (19 Septembre 1997) Microfinance pour les exclus des services financiers * GOETZ, AM and SEN GUPTA R (1996) Who Takes The Credit? Gender, Power and Control over Loan Use in Rural Credit Programmes in Bangladesh, World Development, Vol 24 No 1 pp 45-63

• Geotz, A.M. and Sen Gupta, R. (1996). Who takes the credit? Gender, power, and control over loan use in rural credit programs in Bangladesh. World Development, Vol. 24, No. 1.

• Germidis, Dimitri, Denis Kessler, and Rachel Meghir. 1991. Financial Systems and Development: What Role for the Formal and Informal Financial Sectors? Paris: Development Centre of the OECD

• Get Ahead Foundation. 1991. "Stokvel Department Quarterly Report." Mimeo. Pretoria, South Africa.

• Getubig, I, ed., 1993, Overcoming Poverty Through Credit: The Asian Experience in Replicating the Grameen Bank Approach, APDC, Kuala Lumpur.

• Getubig, I, J Remenyi & B Quinones, 1997, eds., Creating the Vision: Microfinancing the poor in Asia-Pacific: Issues Constraints and Capacity Building, Asia Pacific Development Centre, Kuala Lumpur.

• Ghai, D. 1988. `Participatory Development: Some Perspectives from Grassroots Experience', United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Discussion Paper 5.

• Ghai, Dharam, An Evaluation of the Impact of the Grameen Bank, 1984

• Ghate P(editor) (1992) Informal Finance Oxford University Press: Hong Kong

• Ghate, P. B. Lending to Micro Enterprises Through NGOs in the Philippines, in Financial Landscape Reconstructed, F. J. A. Boutman and O. Hospes (eds.). Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press, 1994.

• Ghate, P.B., Informal Finance: Some findings from Asia (New York.: Oxford University Press, 1992).

• Ghate, P.B., "Interactions Between the Formal and Informal Financial Sectors: The Asian Experience,"World Development 20, no. 6 (1992): 859-872.

• Gibbons, David (ed.) The Grameen Reader (Dhaka: Grameen Bank, 1992).

• Gibson, A. (1993). "A review of NGO credit projects funded under the Joint Funding Scheme." Rural Development in Practice 3: 184-195.

• Gibson, H. D. and E. Tsakalotos (1994). "The scope and limits of financial liberalisation in developing countries: a critical survey." Journal of Development Studies 30(3): 578-628.

• Girardin, Eric; 1997; Banking Sector Reform and Credit Control in China Development Centre Studies, OECD

• Gittinger, J., et al. 1990. `Household Food Security and the Role of Women', World Bank Discussion Paper, Washington, D.C.

• GLOSSER Amy J. Banco Sol : A Private Commercial Bank . A Case Study in Profitable Microenterprise Development in Bolivia. La Paz, GEMINI, 1993.

• Goetz, A M and Sen Gupta, R (1996) 'Who Takes the Credit? Gender, Power and Control Over Loan Use in Rural Credit Programs in Bangladesh', World Development 24(1), 45-64

• Goetz, A. and R. S. Gupta (1996). " Who takes the credit? Gender, power and control over loan use in rural credit programs in Bangladesh ." World Development 24(1).

• GOLDMARK Lara, BERTE Sira and CAMPOS Sergio. Microcredit Summit (Special Edition). Preliminary Results of the Survey of Development Services to the Microenterprise and Case Studies. Washington, D.C., IDB, January 1997.

• Goldmark, Susan, and Jay Rosengard. 1983. Credit to Indonesian Entrepreneurs: An Assessment of the Badan Kredit Kecamatan programme." Washington, DC: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Goldsmith, R. W. Financial Structure and Development. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1969.

• Gonzales-Vega, Claudio. 1990. "On the Viability of Agricultural Development Banks: Conceptual Framework." Ohio State University Economics and Sociology Occasional Paper No. 1760. Columbus, OH.

• Gonzalez-Vega, C. (1984). Interest rate restriction and income distribution. Agricultural Development in the Third World. Eicher and Staatz.

• Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio, "Credit-rationing behavior of agricultural lenders: the iron law of interest rate restrictions,"in Undermining rural development with cheap credit, ed. Dale Adams, Douglas Graham, and J Von Pischke (Essex: Bowker Publishing Company, 1984), 78-95.

• Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio, Richard L. Meyer, Sergio Navajas, Mark Schreiner, Jorge Rodriguez-Meza and Guillermo F. Monje, "Microfinance Market Niches and Client Profiles in Bolivia," ESO No. 2346, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus.

• Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio. (1993). "From Policies to Technologies, to Organizations: The Evolution of the Ohio State University Vision of Rural Financial Markets." Paper presented at the conference Finance 2000, Financial Markets and Institutions in Developing Countries: Reassessing Perspectives, May 28-27, Washington, D.C.

• Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio. (1994). "Stages in Evolution of Thought on Rural Finance: A Vision from The Ohio State University." Occasional Paper No. 2134, Rural Finance Program, Ohio State University.

• Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio. (1997). "The Challenge of Growth for Microfinance Organisations: The Case of Banco Solidario." In Hartmut Schneider (ed.), Microfinance for the Poor?, pp. 129-161. Paris: OECD.

• Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio. (1998). "Microfinance: Broader Achievements and New Challenges." Occasional Paper No. 2518, Rural Finance Program, Ohio State University.

• Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio; Meyer, Richard L.; Navajas, Sergio; Schreiner, Mark; Rodriguez-Meza, Jorge; and Guillermo F. Monje. (1996) "Microfinance Market Niches and Client Profiles In Bolivia" Economics and Sociology Occasional Paper No. 2346, The Ohio State University.

• GORRITI Gutierrez Jorge. Fundamentals and Characteristics of the Technologies Applied in Confidence Groups. Lima, CEPES, April 1997.

• Grameen Bank Donor Consortium. 1988. "Grameen Bank, Phase Ill Project, Appraisal Report." Mimeo. Dhaka, Bangladesh.

• Grameen Bank, "995 Annual Report" Grameen bank, Dhaka, 1996.

• Grameen Bank. 1990. Training Guide, Grameen Bank, Dhaka.

• Grameen Dialogue, January 1998. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Grameen Trust.

• Grieco, M. (1996) Workers' dilemmas: recruitment, reliability and repeated exchange. Routledge.

• Groetz, A M & R Sen Gupta, 1996, 'Who Takes the Credit? Gender, Power and Control Over Loan Use In Rural Credit Programmes in Bangladesh', World Development, Vol. 24 No. 1, January, p. 24-64

• Groh, Barbara and Gloria Somolekoe, 1996, 'Mighty oaks from little acorns: can Microenterprise serve as the seedbed of industrialisation', World Development, Vol. 24, #2, p. 1879-90.

• GTZ "Comparative Analysis of Savings Mobilization Strategies (Draft)", CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997d.

• GTZ, "Comparative Analysis of Savings Moblization Strategies - Banco Caja Social (BCS), Columbia, (Draft)", CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997c.

• GTZ, "Comparative Analysis of Savings Moblization Strategies - Bank Rakyat Indondesia (BRI), (Draft)", CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997b.

• GTZ, "Comparative Analysis of Savings Moblization Strategies - Rural Bank of Panabo (RBP), Philippines (Draft)", CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997a.

• GTZ, "Comparative Analysis of Savings Moblization Strategies - Banco Caja Social (BCS), Columbia, (Draft)" CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997a.

• GTZ, "Comparative Analysis of Savings Moblization Strategies - Bank Rakyat Indondesia"(Draft), CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997b.

• GTZ, "Comparative Analysis of Savings Moblization Strategies - Banco Caja Social (BCS), Columbia, (Draft)", CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997c.

• GTZ, "Comparative Analysis of Savings Moblization Strategies - Bank Rakyat Indondesia (BRI), (Draft)", CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997b.

• GTZ, "Comparative Analysis of Savings Moblization Strategies - Rural Bank of Panabo (RBP), Philippines (Draft)", CGAP Financial Instruments (Savings Mobilization) Working Group, Eschborn, 1997a.

• GTZ, Comparative Analysis of Savings Mobilization Strategies, CGAP Working Group

• Gurgland, M, G Pederson and J Yaron, 1994, 'Outreach and sustainability of six rural financial institutions in sub-Saharan Africa', World Bank Discussion Paper, #248, Washington, DC.

• Haggblade, S. "Africanisation from Below: The Evolution of Cameroonian Savings Societies into Western Style Banks,"Rural Africana , no. Fall 1978 (1978): 35-55.

• HANNING Alfred, BAUMGARTEN Susanne, FROLICH Cristine, et. al. German Development Institute. Financial Services for Small Urban Businesses through Departamental Banks in Bolivia : Executive Summary. La Paz, IAD, 1993.

• Harper, M. 1992. `The Critical Factors for the Success of Cooperatives and other Entreprises', in Small Enterprise Development Journal, 3(1), op. cit.

• Harper, M. and G. Finnegan (1998). Value for Money? Impact of small enterprise development. London, Intermediate Technology.

• Harper, Malcolm and Kavil Ramachandran. 1984. Small Business Promotion: Case Studies from Developing Countries. London: IT Publications.

• Harrington, R. Asset and Liability Management, OECD, 1987

• Harriss, B. (1983). Money and Commodities: Their Interaction in a Rural Indian Setting. Rural Financial Markets in Developing Countres. J. D. Von Pishke, D. W. Adams and G. Donald. Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press.

• Harriss, Barbara, "Money and commodities, monopoly and competition,"in Borrowers and lenders: rural financial markets and Institutions in developing countries, ed. John Howell (London: Overseas Development Institute, 1980), 107-129.

• Hart, K. (1973). "Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana." Journal of Modern African Studies II(I): 61-89.

• Hartzenberg, G.M., and A. Leiman, "The informal economy and its growth potential.,"in Economic growth in South Africa, ed. I Abedian and B Standish (Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1992), 187-214.

• Hasan, G.M. and N. Shahid, "A Note on Reasons of Dropout from Matlab Village Organizations", BRAC-ICDDR,B Joint Research Project, BRAC, Dhaka, 1995.

• Hashemi Syed M, "Dropout and Leftouts : The Grameen Targeting of the Hard-core Poor" a paper presented at the Credit Development Forum Workshop On Dropout Features, Extending Outreach And How To Reach The Hard-Core Poor, BIDS, Dhaka, 1997b.

• Hashemi, S M, Schuler, S R and Riley, A P (1996) 'Rural Credit Programs and Women's Empowerment in Bangladesh', World Development 24(4), 635-654

• Hashemi, S. M. Building up Capacity for Banking with the Poor: the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, OECD Expert Meeting on Financial Mechanisms in Support of Participation of the Poor. Paris, OECD, 1996.

• Hashemi, S.M., Schuler, S.R., and Riley, A.P. (1996). Rural Credit Programs and Women's Empowerment in Bangladesh. World Development, Vol. 24, No. 4.

• Hashemi, Syed M, 1997, "Building Capacity for Banking with the Poor: The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh", in Schneider, Hartmut, ed., 1997, Microfinance for the Poor?, Development Centre, OECD and IFAD, Paris, p.109-126

• Hashemi, Syed M. and Schuler S.R., "Sustainable Banking with the Poor: A Case Study of Grameen Bank" Draft Manuscript, Dhaka, 1996.

• Hasse, Dwight, "Asset Accumulation and Change of Income for Grameen Bank Borrowers,"mimeo, June 1995.

• HAVERS, M (May 1996) Financial sustainability in savings and credit programmes, Development in Practice, Volume 6, Number 2 pp 144-150

• Hazell, P. (1992). "The appropriate role of agricultural insurance in developing countries." Journal of International Development 4(6).

• Hilhorst, Thea and Harry Oppenoorth. 1992. "Financing Women's Enterprises: Beyond Barriers and Bias". Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.

• Hirschman, A.O. (1984). Getting ahead collectively: Grassroots experiences in Latin America. New York, NY: Pergamon Press.

• Hirschowitz, Ros, "The development of the micro-enterprise sector," (Johannesburg: Community Agency for Social Inquiry, 1995).

• Hodgman, Donald, "Credit risk and credit rationing,"Quarterly Journal of Economics 74 (1960): 258-278.

• Hoff, K. and J. E. Stiglitz (1990). "Imperfect information and rural credit markets - puzzles and policy perspectives." World Bank Economic Review 4(3): 235-51.

• Hoff, K., A. Braverman, et al., Eds. (1993). The economics of rural organisation: theory, practice & policy.

• Hoff, Karla,, and Joseph Stiglitz, "Introduction: imperfect information and rural credit markets - puzzles and policy perspectives,"The World Bank Economic Review 4, no. 3 (1990): 235-250.

• Holcombe, S (1995) Managing to Empower: the Gramean Bank's Experience of Poverty Alleviation, London: Zed Press

• Holcombe, S. (1995). Managing to empower: The Grameen Bank's experience of poverty alleviation, Wiltshire, England: Redwood Books.

• Holcombe, Susan H. and Xu Xianmei. 1995. Managing to Empower: The Grameen Bank's Experience of Poverty Alleviation. London: University Press Limited.

• Holcombe, Susan H. and Xu Xianmei. 1996. "Microfinance and Poverty Alleviation: UN Collaboration with Chinese Experiments". UNDP.

• Holcombe, Susan, 1995, Managing to Empower: The Grameen Bank's Experience of Poverty Alleviation, Zed Books, London.

• Holleman, Helen, (ed.) Graham's Town : the untold story (Grahamstown: Black Sash, 1997).

• Holst, J.U., "The role of informal financial institutions in the mobilisation of savings," Savings and Development (1985): 121-152.

• Holt, Sharon L and Helena Ribe, 1991, 'Developing financial institutions for the poor and reducing barriers to access for women', World Bank Discussion Paper #117, World Bank, Washington, DC.

• Holt, Sharon, "The village bank methodology: performance and prospects,"in The New World of Microenterprise Finance, ed. Maria Otero and Elizabeth Rhyne (London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1994), 156-185.

• Holt, Sharon, and Helena Ribe, "Developing financial institutions for the poor and reducing barriers to access for women," (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1991).

• Holt, Sharon. 1991 b. Women in the BPD and Unit Desa Financial Services Programs: Lesson from Two Impact Studies in Indonesia. GEMINI Technical Report #19. Washington, DC: GEMINI.

• Holt, Sharon. 1991. Village Banking: A Cross-Country Study of a CommunityBased Lending Methodology. Bethesda:GEMINI.

• Hoorweg, J., and R. Niemeijer. 1989. Intervention in Child Nutrition: Evaluation Studies in Kenya, Kegan Paul International.

• Horten, David and Karl Pillemer. 1983. "Self-Help Groups and Social Movement Organizations: Social Structure and Social Change." Research in Social Movements, Conflicts, and Change 5:203-33.

• Hospes, O. (1996). People That Count: Changing Savings and Credit Practices in Ambon, Indonesia. Amsterdam, Thesis Publishers.

• Hossain and Rita Afsar, "Credit for Women’s Involvement in Economic Activities in Rural Bangladesh,"BIDS Research Report No. 105, 1989.

• Hossain, Hamabub. 1988. "Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty: The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh." Research Report No. 65. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

• Hossain, M (1988) Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty: the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Washington DC: IFPRI

• Hossain, M. (1993). The Grameen Bank: Its Origin, Organization, and Management Style. In Wahid, A.N.M. ed. The Grameen Bank: Poverty relief in Bangladesh. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

• Hossain, M. "Credit for the Alleviation of Rural Poverty: The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh,"Research Report No. 55, IFPRI, Washington D.C., 1988.

• Hossain, Mahbub "Credit for Alleviation of Rural Poverty: The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh" International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, 1988.

• Howell, J., Borrowers and Lenders.. Rural Finantial Markets and Institutions in Developing Countries (London: Overseas Development Institute, 1980).

• Howell, J., Ed. (1980). Borrowers and lenders: rural financial markets and institutions in developing countries. London, Overseas Development Institute.

• Howse, C. J. (1983). Agricultural development without credit. Rural Financial Markets in Developing Countries: Their Use and Abuse. D. W. Adams, G. Donald and J. D. V. Pischke. Washington DC, Economic Development Institute.

• Howse, C. J. 1983. "Agricultural Development without Credit." In Rural Financial Markets in Developing Countries: Their Use and Abuse, ed. by John D. Von Pischke, Dale W. Adams, and Gordon Donald, 134037. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

• Huffman, S. 1986. Women's Activities and Child Nutrition: A Review of the Literature, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.

• HULME, D and MOSLEY, P (1996) Finance Against Poverty London: Routledge, Volume 1 and 2 Interregional Training Seminar Report (1990) on How to improve banking for rural women, Nicosia, Cyprus, 19-30 November 1990, MIM, IFAD, INSTRAW

• Hulme, D and Mosley, P (1996) Finance Against Poverty, volumes 1 and 2, London: Routledge

• HULME, D Impact Assessment Methodologies for Micro-Finance: A Review CGAP Working Group Impact Assessment Methodologies, Report of Virtual Meeting of 7-19 April 1997

• Hulme, D. (1990). "Can the Grameen Bank be replicated? Recent experiments in Malaysia, Malawi and Sri Lanka." Development Policy Review 8: 287-300.

• Hulme, D. (1997). Impact Assessment Methodologies for Microfinance: A Review. Washington DC, CGAP.

• Hulme, D. and P. Mosley (1996). Finance Against Poverty:effective institutions for lending to small farmers and micro-enterprises in developing countries. London, Routledge.

• Hulme, D. and R. Montgomery (1993). "Replicating finance programmes in Malawi and Malaysia." Small Enterprise Development 4(4).

• Hulme, D. and R. Montgomery (1994). " Cooperatives Credit and the poor: private interest, public choice and collective action in Sri Lanka ." Savings and Development 18(3).

• Hulme, David and Paul Mosley, "Finance for the Poor or the Poorest ? Financial Innovation, Poverty and Vulnerability" in "Who Needs Credit ? Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh" (eds.) G.D. Wood and I. Sharif, University Press Limited, Dhaka, 1997, and Zed Books, UK, 1997.

• Hulme, David and Paul Mosley, "Finance for the Poor or the Poorest ? Financial Innovation, Poverty and Vulnerability" in "Who Needs Credit ? Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh" (eds.) G.D. Wood and I. Sharif, University Press Limited, Dhaka, 1997, and Zed Books, UK, 1997.

• Hulme, David and Paul Mosley. (1996). Finance Against Poverty, vol. 1. London: Routledge.

• Hulme, David, "Impact assessment methodologies for microfinance: A review," (Manchester: Institute for Development Policy and Management, Manchester University, 1997).

• Hulme, David, "The international transfer of institutional innovations: replicating the Grameen Bank in other countries,"in Development Perspectives for the 1990s, ed. R Prendergast and Hans Singer (London: Macmillan, 1991), 249-265.

• Hulme, David, "The Malawi Mudzi Fund: daughter of Grameen,"Journal of International Development 3, no. 4 (1991): 427-432.

• Hulme, David. (1997). "Impact Assessment Methodologies for Microfinance: A Review." Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services. Washington, D.C.: Management Systems International.

• Hulme, David; and Paul Mosley. (1996) Finance Against Poverty, Volumes I and II, London: Routledge.

• Hunt, Keith S., "The development of municipal government in the Eastern Province of the Cape of Good Hope, with special reference to Grahamstown, 1827-1862"(MA, Rhodes University, 1958).

• Hunte, Kenrick C, 1996, 'Controlling loan default and improving the lending technology in credit institutions', Savings and Development, Vol. 20, #1, p. 45-59.

• Huppi, Monika & Gershon Feder, 1990, 'The Role of Groups and Credit Co-operatives in Rural Lending', World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 5, #2, July, p. 187-204.

• Huppi, Monika and Gershon Feder, "The role of groups and credit cooperatives in rural lending,"World Bank Research Observer 5, no. 2 (1990): 187-204.

• Huppi, Monika, and Gershon Feder. 1990. "The Role of Groups and Credit Cooperatives in Rural Lending." World Bank, Policy Planning and Research Working Paper WPS284. Washington, DC.

• Hurley, D. 1991. Income Generating Schemes for the Urban Poor, Development Guidelines Series No.4, OXFAM (UK).

• Husain, A. M. M. (1998). Poverty Alleviation and Empowerment: An Impact Assessment Study of BRAC's Rural Development Programme (IAS-II). Dhaka, Bangladesh, BRAC, Research and Evaluation Division.

• Hyman E and Dearden K (1998) 'Comprehensive Impact Assessment systems for NGO microenterprise development programs', World Development 26(2), 261-276

• Hyman, E and Dearden, K (1996) A Review of Impact Information Systems of NGO Microenterprise Programs, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• IADB, Technical Guide for the Analysis of Microenterprise Finance Institutions; The Inter-American Development Bank Microenterprise Unit; 64pp; 1994.

• Ibe, A. C. (1990). "The Structure of the informal credit market in Nigeria: lessons from Awka Town of Anambra State." African Review of Money Finance and Banking(January).

• IDB, Latin America a After a Decade of Reforms, 1997 Report on Economic and Social Progress In Latin America

• IFAD. 1991. Declaration in Support of the Economic Advancement of Women, IFAD. Rome.

• ILO, Group-based Savings and Credit for the Rural Poor (Geneva: International Labour Organisation, 1984).

• Inserra, Anne (1996) A Review of Approaches for Measurement of Microenterprise and Household Income, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC). 1990. Project appraisal. Mimeo.

• Inter-American Investment Corporation. (1991) "Report to the Board of Directors on a Proposed Equity Investment in COBANCO, La Paz, Bolivia" Washington, D.C.

• International Fund for Agricultural Development, The State of World Rural Poverty: An inquiry into Its Causes and Consequences (New York, New York University Press, 1992).

• International Labor Organization/ UNDP Employment Creation Strategy Project. 1989. "The Impact of Unsubsidized Rural Credit Programs on Employment Generation in Indonesia." Mimeo. Jakarta.

• Iqbal, Farrukh. 1988. "The Determinants of Moneylender Interest Rates: Evidence from Rural India". in The Journal of Development Studies 24 (3).

• Iqubal, Farukh, "The Determinants of Money Lender Interest Rates: Evidence from Rural India," The Journal of Development Studies 24, no. 3 (1988): 364-378.

• Islam, M.M., Wahid, A.N.M., and Khan, Z.H. (1993). The Grameen Bank: Peer Monitoring in a Dual Credit Market, In Wahid, A.N.M. ed. The Grameen Bank: Poverty relief in Bangladesh. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

• Islam, Reazul, J.D. Von Pischke, and J.M. de Waard, "Small Firms Informally Financed: Studies from Bangladesh," (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1994).

• Islam, Tazul and Kenneth E Jackson (2001), "Microcredit and Poverty Alleviation: Smooth Talking on a Rough Road" Discourse, Vol. 4(1), 2001, pp. 43-59

• Jackelen Henry R. and Elisabeth Rhyne "Toward a More Market-Oriented Approach to Credit and Savings for the Poor" Small Enterprise Development Vol. 2 No 4, ITP, 1990.

• Jackelen, H. R. and E. Rhine. Toward a More Market-Oriented Approach to Credit and Savings for the Poor, in Proceedings of the Tokyo Forum, pp. 119-148, 1991.

• Jackelen, H.R. 1989. `Improving the Use of Credit in the UNCDF Programme', unpublished paper, UNCDF, New York.

• Jackelen, Henry "Client Desertion", in MicroFinance Network "Proceedings of the 4th Annual Conference: Establishing MicroFinance Industry", mimeo downloaded from the Internet, MicroFinance Network, Washington, 1997.

• Jackelen, Henry R. and Elizabeth Rhyne. 1991. "Towards a More Market- Oriented Approach to Credit and Savings for the Poor." Small Enterprise Development 2(4):4-20.

• Jackelen, Henry R.. 1983. Manual for Commercial Analysis of Small Scale Projects. Washington, DC: A.T. International.

• Jackelen, Henry R.. 1989. "Banking on the informal Sector." In Microenterprises in Developing Countries, ed. by Jacob Levitsky. London: IT Publications.

• Jackelen, Henry R.. 1996. "Financing Entrepreneurship in Countries in Transition: Some Short-Term Recommendations". Paper presented at the interregional Workshop on Development of Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries in Transition. Hanoi, Vietnam. New York: UN.

• Jackelen, Henry R; Banking on the Informal Sector

• Jackson, C. (1996). "Rescuing Gender from the Poverty Trap." World Development.

• Jagannathan, N.V., Informal Markets in Developing Countries (New tork: Oxford University Press., 1987).

• Jain, P.S. (1995), "Managing Credit for the Rural Poor: Lessons from the Grameen Bank" World Development Vol. 24, No. 1, January.

• Jain, Pankaj, "Managing credit for the rural poor: lessons from the Grameen Bank,"World Development 24, no. 1 (1996): 79-89.

• Jazayeri, A. (1998). Financial Services Associations (FSA) - Concept and Implementation Arrangements. http:/www.alternative-finance.org.uk.

• Jazayeri, A. Financial Service Associations (FSA). Rome, IFAD, 1996.

• Jean, Andy, Eric Hyman, and Mike O'Donnell. 1990. "Technology -The Key to Increasing the Productivity of Microenterprises." GEMINI Working Paper No. 8. Bethesda, MD:Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Jennefer Sebstad and Gregory Chen, Overview of Studies on the Impact of Microenterprise Credit; USAID AIMS Project, 15pp; 1996.

• Joanna Ledgerwood and Kerri Moloney, Financial Management Training for Micro-Finance Organizations, Module I: Accounting - Study Guide, Calmeadow, 1996.

• Joanna Ledgerwood and Kerri Moloney, Financial Management Training for Micro-Finance Organizations, Module II: Finance - Study Guide,Calmeadow, 1996.

• Johnson S & Rogaly B (1996) Financial Services for poverty reduction Unpublished paper Action Aid: London

• Johnson, S. (1998). "Programme Impact Assessment in Microfinance:the Need for Analysis of Real Markets." IDS Bulletin 29(4): 21-30.

• Johnson, S. (forthcoming). "Gender Impact Assessment in Microfinance and Microenterprise: why and how?" Development in Practice.

• Johnson, S. and B. Rogaly (1997). Microfinance and Poverty Reduction. Oxford, Oxfam.

• Johnson, Susan and ROGALY, B (1997) Microfinance and Poverty Reduction, Oxfam and Action Aid

• Johnson, Susan Gender and Microfinance: guidelines for best practice

• Johnson, Susan and Ben Rogaly, "Microfinance and poverty reduction", Oxfam (United Kingdom and Ireland) and ACTIONAID (1997).

• Johnson, Susan and Ben Rogaly, 1997, Microfinance and Poverty Reduction, ITP, London.

• Jolis A (1996) "The Good Banker" in the Independent on Sunday 5 May 1996

• Jones, J.H.M., "Jain Shopkeepers and Moneylenders: Rural Informal Credit networks in South Rajasthan,"in The Assembly of Listeners, ed. Carrithers and Humphrey (Cambridge: CUP, 1991), 109-138.

• Jumani, U. (1989). Training for Women in the Informal Sector: The Experience of the Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA), Ahmedabad, India in F. Fluitman (ed), Training for Work in the Informal Sector. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

• Kabeer, N. (1998). The Gender Poverty Nexus. Grameen Poverty Research: Newsletter of the Programme for Research on Poverty Alleviation, Grameen Trust. Vol. 4, No. 2, May 1998.

• Kabeer, Naila and RK Murthy (1996) "Compensating for Institutional Reclusion? Lessons from Indian Government and Non-Government Credit Interventions for the Poor", IDS Discussion Paper, No. 356, Brighton.

• KAGAMI, M (March 95) Strategies for competitiveness in production - an East Asian approach, Small enterprise Development, Volume 6, Number 1, pp 24-34

• Kahn, Mushtaq, "A typology of corrupt transactions in developing countries,"IDS Bulletin 27, no. 2 (1996): 12-21.

• Kahn, Mushtaq, "The efficiency implications of corruption,"Journal of Development Studies 8, no. 5 (1996): 683-696.

• Kalima Rose (1992), Where women are leaders: The SEWA movement in India, Vistaar Publications, New Delhi.

• Kamble, N.D. 1979. Poverty within Poverty: A Study of the Weaker Sections in a Deccan Village. Bangalore, India: Institute for Social and Economic Change.

• Kane, Edward J. 1977. "Good Intentions and Unintended Evil: The Case Against Selective Credit Allocation." Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 9:55-69.

• Kane, Edward J. 1985. The Gathering Crisis in Federal Deposit Insurance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

• KANE, K; WALSH, M and NELSON, C (March 1991) A case for business training with women's groups, Small Enterprise development Vol 2 N°1, p13-19

• Katherine Stearns (1995),Assessing the Impacts of Microenterprise Interventions: A Framework for Analysis, Accion Discussion Paper no.5, 1991 , USAID AIMS Project.

• Katzin, M. F. (1958). "Partners: An Informal Savings Institution in Jamaica." Economic and Social Studies 8: 436-440.

• Kaunda, J. M. (1990). "Agricultural Credit Policy, Bureaucratic Decision-making and the Subordination of Rural Women in Malawi,." Journal of Southern African Studies 16(3).

• Kenyan Rural Enterprise Programme (KREP). 1991. Programme Report, March - August 1991. Nairobi, Kenya.

• Khan KA, and AMR Chowdhury "Why Do VO Members Drop Out ?" BRAC, Dhaka, 1995

• Khandker, S R (1996) Fighting Poverty with Microcredit: Experience of the Grameen Bank and Other Programmes in Bangladesh, Washington DC: World Bank

• Khandker, S.R., Khalily, B., and Khan, Z. (1996). Credit programs for the poor: Household and intrahousehold impacts and program sustainability. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies. Volume I.

• Khandker, Shahid, B. Khalily, Z. Khan, "Is the Grameen Bank Sustainable ?", Human Resources Development and Operations Policy Working Paper # 23, World Bank ("findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed ... are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank"), February 1994.

• Khandker, Shahidur, Baqui Khalily & Zahed Khan, 1995, 'Grameen Bank: Performance and Sustainability', World Bank Discussion Paper #306, IBRD, Washington, DC

• Khandker, Shahidur, Baqui Khalily and Zahed Khan, Grameen Bank: What do we know?Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1993.

• Kindervatter, Suzanne. 1988. "From Effectiveness to Efficiency: The Challenge of Scale in Assisting Rural Women Pre-Entrepreneurs." In Technical Assistance and Training.. What Difference Does It Make? How Can It Be Done Effectively and Affordable? Report of a Working Session of the SEEP Network, NY.

• Kirsten, Johann. F., "Research report on rural financial markets in South Africa," (Pretoria: Department of agricultural economics, extension and rural development, University of Pretoria, 1996).

• Kirsten, Johann. F., and others, "Results of the survey of households in the former Lebowa," (Pretoria: Department of agricultural economics, extension and rural development, University of Pretoria, 1996).

• Kirsten, Johann. F., and others, "Results of the survey of micro-enterprise in rural areas of the Northern Province," (Pretoria: Department of agricultural economics, extension and rural development, University of Pretoria, 1996).

• Klein, B. and K. Leffler. 1981. "The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance." Journal of Political Economy 81:815-41.

• Korten, David C., and Felipe Alfonso, eds. 1983. Bureaucracy and the Poor: Closing the Gap. West Hartford, CT Kumarian Press.

• Krahnen, Jan Pieter and H. Schmidt Reinhard, Development Finance as Institution-building.. A New Approach to Poverty-oriented Banking ( Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1995).

• Kraul C (1994) "Banking on the Poor- AID Program Reaches Out in Third World"in the Los Angeles Times, Home Edition 29 November 1994

• Kropp, Erhard; Jesus, R. B. Clar de; 1996 Linkage Banking in Asia APRACA - GTZ

• Kuper H., and S Kaplan, "Voluntary Associations in an Urban Township,"African Studies 3 (1944).

• Kurosaki, Takashi, "Risk and insurance in a household economy: role of livestock in mixed farming in Pakistan,"in Developing economies. - (1995).

• Kurtz, D. (1978). "The Tanda: A ROSCA in Mexico." Ethnology 17: 65-74.

• Kurtz, D.V., "The Rotating Credit Association: An Adaption to Poverty,"Human Organisation 32, no. 49-58 (1973).

• Ladman Jerry, and Ronald Tinnermeier, "The political Economy of agricultural credit: the case of Bolivia,"American Journal of Agricultural Economics 63 (1981): 66-72.

• Landers, C., and A. Leonard (eds.). 1992. `Women, Work and the Need for Child Care', UNICEF Staff Working Paper 10, UNICEF, New York.

• LARRAZABAL Hernando. Guidelines for Policies Directed to the Microenterprise in Bolivia. La Paz, CEDLA, 1993.

• Lassen, Cheryl. 1988. Keynote Address in Technical Assistance and Training: What Difference Does It Make? How Can It Be Done Effectively and Affordably? Report of a Working Session of the SEEP Network, NY.

• Lava, Adia, "Case Studies on the Monitoring of Informal Credit Markets," (Manila: Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 1989).

• LEFGERWOOD, J and BURNETT, J (November 1995) Individual micro-lending research project, A case study review, ADEMI, The Dominican Republic, Calmeadow

• Leslie, J. 1986. `The Cost and Time Savings to Women of the Child Survival Revolution', paper prepared for ICRW, Washington, D.C.

• Leslie, J. and M. Paolisso (eds.). 1989. Women, Work and Child Welfare in the Third World, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

• Levitsky, J. and R. Prasad. Credit Guarantee Schemes for Small and Medium Enterprises, World Bank Technical Paper 58. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 1987.

• Levitsky, Jacob, "Credit Guarantee Schemes for SMEs - an International Review," Small Enterprise Development, Vol. 8, No. 2, June 1997, pp. 4-17.

• Levitsky, Jacob, 1987. "World Bank Assistance to Small Enterprises in Developing Countries" in Small Enterprise Development: Policies and Programmes. Management Development Series No. 14. Geneva: ILO.

• Levitsky, Jacob, ed. 1989. Microenterprises in Developing Countries. London: IT Publications.

• Lewin, A. Christopher 1991. "The ADEMI Approach to Microenterprise Credit." GEMINI Special Publication No. 3. Bethesda, MD:Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Lewis, B.C., "The Limitations of Group Action among Entrepreneurs: The Market Women of Abidjan, Ivory Coast.,"in Women In Africa, ed. N Hafkin and E Bay (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1976).

• Lewis, John P. 1988. Strengthening the Poor: What Have We learned. Overseas Development Council, US-Third World Policy Perspectives. No. 10. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

• Lieberson, Joseph, and William Doyle. 1989. "Microenterprise Stocktaking:A Statistical Look at AID's Microenterprise Portfolio." Washington, DC:USAID.

• Liedholm C., and M.A. McPherson, "Small Scale Enterprises in Mamelo and Kwazakhele Townships, South Africa: Survey Findings," (Bethesda, Maryland: GEMINI, 1991).

• LIEDHOLM, C and MEAD, D ( September 1995) The Dynamic role of Micro and Small Enterprises in the Development Process, Action Research Program I, GEMINI Project source used in USAID Microenterprise Development Brief, Number 24, September 1995

• Liedholm, Carl 1991. "Dynamics of Microenterprises: Research Issues and Approaches." GEMiNI Working Paper No. 12. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc,

• Liedholm, Carl 1992. "The Structure and Growth of Microenterprises in Southern and Eastern Africa; Evidence from Recent Surveys." Paper presented at the USAID Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Conference on Small and Micro Enterprise Development.

• Liedholm, Carl and Donald Mead. 1987. "Small Scale industries in Developing Countries: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications." MSU International Development Paper No. 9. Michigan State University, East Lansing.

• Liedholm, Carl and Michael McPherson. 1991. "Small Scale Enterprises in Mamelodi and Kwazekele Townships, South Africa: Survey Findings." GEM INI Technical Report No. 16. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Liedholm, Carl, 1989. "Small Scale Enterprise Dynamics and the Evolving Role of Informal Finance." Seminar on the Informal Financial Markets in Development, paper No. 8. Washington, DC.

• Liedholm, Carl, 1990. "The Dynamics of Small Scale Industries in Africa and the Role of Policy." GEMINI Working Paper, No. 2. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Liong, Kwan H. 1991. "Rural Savings Mobilization through BRI Unit Banking System:History, Achievement, and Prospect." Mimeo. Jakarta:Center for Policy and Implementation Studies.

• Lipton, M. (1976). "Agricultural finance and rural credit in poor countries." World Development 4(7): 543-553.

• Lipton, M. and J. V. D. Gaag (1993). Including the poor. Symposium organized by the World Bank and International Food Policy Research Institute, World Bank.

• Lipton, Michael, "The Poor and the Poorest Some Interim Findings," (Washington, D.C.: World Bank., 1988).

• Lipton, Michael. 1976. "Agricultural Finance and Rural Credit in Poor Countries". World Development 4(7):543-53.

• Little, K. (1957). "The Role of Voluntary Associations in West African Urbanisation." American Anthropologist 59: 579-595.

• Little, Peter (1997) 'Assessing the Impact of Microfinance Programs on Incomes and Assets', mimeo, Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), Washington DC.

• Long, Caroly, Daouda Diop, and James Cawley. 1990. "Report of Program Working Group". In Women's Ventures: Assistance to the Informal Sector in Latin America, ed. by Marguerite Berger and Mayra Buvinic. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

• Long, M. "Financial Systems and Development", in Financial Systems in Africa. Washington, D.C., World Bank, Economic Development Institute, 1990.

• Long, N and Long A (1992) Battlefields of Knowledge, London: Routledge

• Lont, Hotze (2005) Juggling money: Financial self-help organizations and social security in Yogyakarta. KITLV Press, Leiden.

• Lont, Hotze and Otto Hospes (2004) "Livelihood and Microfinance: Anthropological and Sociological Perspectives on Savings and Debt". Eburon, Delft.

• Los Andes, FUNDES and SARTAWI, The Problem of Guarantees in the provision of Credit for the Small and Microenterprise in Bolivia : La Paz, 1997. Document prepared for the Microfinance Forum of FUNDA-PRO

• Loubiere, Jacques Trigo. "Supervision and Regulation of Microfinance Institutions: The Bolivian Experience"Paper presented at the ACCION conference "Supervision and Regulation of Microfinance Institutions."Washington D.C. November 27-28, 1995. Martindale-Hubbell Law Digest, 1996

• Lovell, Catherine H . "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty: the BRAC Strategy",University Press Limited, Dhaka 1992.

• Low, A., Agricultural development in Southern Africa Farm household economics and the food crisis (London: James Curry Ltd, 1986).

• Lycette, M., and K. White. 1989. Improving Women's Access to Credit: Policy and Project Recommendation, in Berger and Buvinic (eds.), Women's Ventures: Assistance to the Informal Sector in Latin America, op. cit., 19-44.

• Lycette, Margaret. 1984. Improving Women's Access to Credit in the Third World: Policy and Project Recommendations. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women.

• M Khosa, "The black taxi revolution,"in The Political Economy of South Africa,, ed. N Nattrass and E Ardin (Cape Town: OUP, 1990).

• MAC CLEAN Jorge, CASANOVAS Roberto. Small and Micro Enterprise Access to the Financial System in Bolivia : Current Situation and Perspectives. La Paz, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Carribbean. Banco Solidario, February 1995.

• MacCormack, C. 1988. Health and the Social Power of Women, Pergamon Press, Tarrytown, NY.

• Madajewicz, Margaret. "Capital for the Poor: the Role of Monitoring,"mimeo, Harvard University, 1997.

• Madeley, John, "Giving Credit where it's due: Banking on the Landless in Bangladesh". Ideas and Action, Volume 6, Number 159, 1984.

• Magill, J. H. Credit Unions: A formal Sector Alternative for Financing Microenterprise Development, in The New World of Microenterprise Finance. West Hartford, Kumarian Press 1994.

• Magill, John H, "Credit unions: a formal-sector alternative for financing micro-enterprise development,"in The New World of Microenterprise Finance, ed. Maria Otero and Elizabeth Rhyne (London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1994), 140-156.

• Mahadevan, Ashok (1992), "Banking on the Poor". Reader's Digest, October, pp. 37-42.

• Malhotra, Mohini, Fidler, Peter, "Zimbabwe: Zambuko Trust", Sustainable Banking with the Poor - Case Studies in Microfinance, http://www-esd.worldbank.org/html/esd/agr/sbp/abstract/exsum.htm

• Malhotra, Mohini. (1997). "Micro-finance: The New Emerging Market?" CGAP Newsletter No. 3, pp. 7-8. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

• Malhotra, Mohini. 1992. "Poverty Lending and Microenterprise Development: A Clarification of the Issues." GEMINI Working Paper No. 30. Bethesda, MD:Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Mann, Charles K, Merilee S Grindle and Parker Shipton, eds., 1989, Seeking Solutions: Framework and Cases for Small Enterprise Development Programs, Kumarian Press, Hartford, CT

• Mann, Charles, K. Merilee S. Grindle, and Parker Shipton. 1989. Seeking Solutions: Framework and Cases for Small Enterprise Development Programs. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

• Manning, C., "Dynamo or safety net: can the informal sector save the day?,,"Work in Progress 87 (1993): 12-14.

• March, K.S. and Taqqu, R.T. (1982). Women's informal associations and the organizational capacity for development. Cornell University: Rural Development Committee. Monograph Series No. 5.

• March, Katherine S., and Rachelle L. Taqqu. 1986. Women's Informal Associations in Developing Countries: Catalysts for Change? Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

• MARCONI Ojeda Reynaldo. NGOs and Rural Credit in Bolivia. La Paz, Association of Financial Institutions for Rural Development (FINRURAL), 1996.

• Margolis J (1996) "When a little money goes a long way..", in the Canadian Banker Vol. 103, pp 26.

• Martin Holtmann and Rochus Mommartz,Technical Guide for Analyzing the Efficiency of Credit-Granting Non-Governmental Organizations; Development and Finance; 146pp; 1996.

• Martyn-Johns, E (1996) Participatory Impact Assessment: Putting Theory into Practice, MA Dissertation, IDPM, University of Manchester

• Matin, I. (1998). "Mis-Targeting by the Grameen Bank: A Possible Explanation." IDS Bulletin 29(4): 51-59.

• Matin, Imran, "Repayment Performance of Grameen Bank Borrowers: The ‘Unzipped"State", Savings and Development, No. 4, 1997, pp. 451-473

• Mayoux, L. (1998). Microfinance and Women's Empowerment: Approaches, Evidence and Ways Forward. Milton Keynes, UK, Open University.

• Mayoux, Linda (1995) From Vicious to Virtuous Circles? Gender and Micro-Enterprise Development, UNRISD Occasional Paper No 3 for the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing 1995

• Mayoux, Linda (1997) 'Impact Assessment and Women's Empowerment in Micro-Finance Programmes: Issues for a Participatory Action and Learning Approach', mimeo, Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), Washington DC.

• Mayoux, Linda (1997) Impact Assessment and Women's Empowerment in Micro-finance Programmes: Issues for a Participatory Learning and Action Approach, paper produced for CGAP virtual meeting on Impact Assessment of Micro-Finance programmes, of 7-19 April 1997

• Mayoux, Linda (1998) Women's Empowerment and Micro-Finance Programmes: Approaches, Evidence and Ways Forward, Discussion Paper, The Open University, Milton Keynes.

• Mayoux, Linda and S Johnson (1997) "Micro-finance and Women's Empowerment: Strategies for increasing impact", Report of the workshop held on January 13-15, 1997, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Action Aid: London.

• Mayoux, Linda. 1995. From Vicious to Virtuous Circles, Occasional Paper #3. Geneva: UNRISD/UNDP.

• McCormick, D., M. Kinyanjui, et al. (1997). "Growth and Barriers to Growth among Nairobi's small and medium sized garment producers." World Development 25(7).

• McGregor, J. A. (1989). "Towards a Better Understanding of Credit in Rural Development. The CAse of Bangladesh: The Patron State." Journal of International Development 1(4): 467-486.

• McGregor, J. A. M. (1988). "Credit and the rural poor: the changing policy environment in Bangladesh." Public Administration and Development 8: 467-82.

• McGregor, J. A. M. (1994). Village Credit and the Reproduction of Poverty in Contemporary Rural Bangladesh. Anthropology and Institutional Economics,. J. M. Acheson. Lanham, Maryland, University Press of America: 261-81.

• McGuire, Paul B. , Conroy, John D. and Thapa, Ganesh B., "Getting the Framework right", The Foundation for Development Cooperation, Brisbane, 1998, 306 pgs.

• McGuire, Paul B. and John D. Conroy, "Bank-NGO Linkages and the Transaction Costs of Lending to the Poor Through Groups," Small Enterprise Development, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 1997, pp. 4-15.

• McKean, Cressida S. 1989. `Training and Technical Assistance for Small and Microbusinesses', in Berger and Buvinic (eds.), Women's Ventures, op. cit., 102-120.

• McKee, Katherine. 1989. "Microlevel Strategies for Supporting Livelihoods, Employment and Income Generation of Poor Women in the Third World: The Challenge of Significant" in World Development 17 (7).

• McKinnon, R. I. (1973). Money and capital in economic development. Washington, Brookings Institute.

• McKinnon, R. I. (1995). Case Against Financial Repression. Leading Issues in Economic Development. G. Meier. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 204-9.

• McPherson, Michael A. 1991 a. "Growth and Change in Malawi's Small and Medium Enterprise Sector, 1986-1990." GEMINI Technical Report No. 17. Bethesda, MD:Development Alternatives, Inc.

• McPherson, Michael A. 1991 b. "Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises in Zimbabwe: Results of a Country-Wide Survey." GEMINI Technical Report No. 25. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• McVay, M. (1999). A Performance Framework for Business Development Services.

• Mead, D. C. and C. Liedholm (1998). "The Dynamics of Micro and Small Enterprises in Developing Countries." World Development 26(1): 61-74.

• Mead, Donald, Thomas Dichter, Yacob Fisseha, and Steve HaggbIade. 1990. "Prospects for Enhancing the Performance of Micro and Small-Scale Nonfarm Enterprises in Niger." GEMINI Working Paper No. 3. Bethesda, M D: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Mead, Donald. 1992. "Microenterprise Development in a Sub-sector Context. Small Enterprise Development 3(l): 35-42.

• MEHRA, R; DROST-MAASRY, A and RAHMAN, R (1995) Credit for women: Why is it important?, International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW)

• Mehra, Rekha, Annelies Drost Maasry, and Ruba Rahman. 1995. Credit for Women: Why is it so Important?. Paper prepared for INSTRAW. Washington, DC: ICRW.

• Meier, G. (1995). Financial Markets in Economic Development. Leading Issues in Economic Development. G. Meier.

• Meyer, Richard l., and Carlos E Cuevas. 1990. "Reducing the Transaction Costs of Financial Intermediation: Theory and Innovations." Paper presented at the International Conference on Savings and Credit for Development, Copenhagen.

• Meyer, Richard L., and G. Nafarajan. 1988. "Financial Services for Small and Micro Enterprises: A Need for Policy Changes and Innovation. " Savings and Development 4(12):363-73.

• Meyer, Richard L., Douglas H. Graham, and Geetha Nagarajan, "Small Business Finance in Romania: Banks, Businesses and Business Centers in a Transition Economy," Study prepared for the Bureau for Europe and the NIS of the U.S. Agency for International Development, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, March 1997, 285 pgs.

• Microfinance Network, "Establishing a Microfinance Industry "Governance, Best Practices, Access to Capital Markets", Washington, 1997, 46 pgs.

• Miller C.J., and JR Ladman, "Factors impeding credit use in small-farm households in Bolivia,"The Journal of development studies 19, no. 4 (1983): 522-538.

• Miracle, M., D. Miracle, et al. (1980). "Informal Savings Mobilization in Africa." Economic Development And Cultural Change.

• Miracle, Marvin P., Diane S. Miracle and Laurie Cohen, "Informal Savings Mobilization in Africa", Economic Development and Cultural Change, 28 (1980).

• Miracle, Marvin P., Diane S. Miracle and Laurie Cohen, "Informal Savings Mobilization in Africa", Economic Development and Cultural Change, 28, 1980.

• Miracle, Marvin P., Diane S. Miracle and Laurie Cohen, "Informal Savings Mobilization in Africa" Economic Development and Cultural Change, 28, 1980.

• Mirero, S. 1990. `Women, Credit and Savings', consultancy report prepared for The Women's Development Programme, UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi.

• Miricle, Marvin, Diane Miricle, and Laurie Cohen. 1980. "Informal Savings Mobilization in Africa.:" Economic Development and Cultural Change 28(4):701-24.

• Mishra, Pamod K., "Crop insurance and crop credit: Impact of the comprehensive crop insurance scheme on cooperative credit in Gujarat,"Journal of International Development 6, no. 5 (1994): 519-568.

• MkNelly, B. and C. Dunford (1998). Impact of Credit with Education on Mother's and Their Young Children's Nutrition: Lower Pra Rural Bank Credit with Education Program in Ghana. Davis, California, US, Freedom From Hunger.

• MkNelly, Barbara, and Christopher Dunford, "Are credit savings services effective?", A Literature and Analysis, Freedom from Hunger, Research Paper No. 1.

• Moermanto, R.H. 1991. "The KUPEDES as a Lending Instrument for BRI Unit Banks." Mimeo. Jakarta: Center for Policy and Implementation Studies.

• Montgomery, R (1996) 'Disciplining or protecting the poor? Avoiding the social costs of peer pressure in micro-credit schemes', Journal of International Development 8(2), 289-305.

• Montgomery, R, Davies, R, Saxena, N C and Ashley, S (1996) Guidance Materials for Improved Project Monitoring and Impact Review Systems in India, Swansea: Centre for Development Studies, University College Swansea

• Montgomery, R. (1996). Disciplining or protecting the poor? Avoiding the social costs of peer press in micro-credit schemes. Journal of International Development, Vol. 8, No. 2.

• Montgomery, Richard "Disciplining or Protecting the Poor ? Avoiding the Social Costs of Peer Pressure in Solidarity Group Micro-Credit Schemes", Working Paper for the Conference on Finance Against Poverty, Reading University, March 1995.

• Montgomery, Richard "Disciplining or protecting the poor ? Avoiding the social costs of peer pressure in solidarity group micro-credit schemes" Working Paper for the Conference on Finance Against Poverty, Reading University, March 1995.

• Montgomery, Richard, "Disciplining or Protecting the Poor ? Avoiding the Social Costs of Peer Pressure in Solidarity Group Micro-Credit Schemes", Working Paper for the Conference on Finance Against Poverty, Reading University (March 1995).

• Morduch, Jonathan, "The Grameen Bank: A Financial Reckoning,"in Draft (1998).

• Morduch, Jonathan. (1998a.) "Does Microfinance Really Help the Poor?: New Evidence from Flagship Programs in Bangladesh." Unpublished manuscript. Cambridge: Department of Economics and HIID, Harvard University.

• Morduch, Jonathan. (1998d). "The Microfinance Schism." Development Discussion Paper No. 626. Cambridge: Department of Economics and HIID, Harvard University.

• Moris, J and Copestake, J (1993), Qualitative Enquiry for Rural Development: a Review, London: IT Publications

• Mosely, P and Hulme, D (1998) 'Microenterprise Finance: Is There a Conflict Between Growth and Poverty Alleviation?', World Development, 26(5) 783-790

• Moser, C A and Kalton, G (1972) Survey Methods in Social Investigation, London: Heinemann

• Moser, C. 1985. Gender Planning in the Third World: Meeting Practical and Strategic Needs, Pergamon Press, Tarrytown, NY.

• MOSER, CON (1993) Gender planning and development, Theory, practice & training, Routledge

• Mosley, P. (1989). "Crop and Livestock Insurance Schemes in less developed countries: some issues of design." Savings and Development 13(1).

• Mosley, P. (1994). "Development economics and the underdevelopment of Africa." Journal of International Development Forthcoming.

• Mosley, Paul (1997) 'The Use of Control Groups in Impact Assessment for Microfinance', mimeo, Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), Washington DC.

• Mosley, Paul, and David Hulme, "Microenterprise finance: is there a conflict between growth and poverty alleviation?", World Development, vol.26, No. 5 (1998), pp.783-790.

• Mosley, Paul, and Rudra Prasad Dahal. 1987. "Credit for the Rural Poor: A Comparison of Policy Experiments in Nepal and Bangladesh." Manchester papers on Development 3(2):45-59.

• Mosley, Paul. (1996) "Metamorphosis From NGO to Commercial Bank: The Case of BancoSol in Bolivia" pp. 1-31 in David Hulme and Paul Mosley (eds) Finance Against Poverty: Volume II, London: Routledge.

• Mosley, Paul; and David Hulme. (1998) "Microenterprise Finance: Is There a Conflict Between Growth and Poverty Alleviation?" World Development, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 783-790.

• Mosse, D (1994) 'Authority, gender and knowledge: theoretical reflections on the practice of Participatory Rural Appraisal', Development and Change 25(3), 497-525.

• Munyakho, Dorothy, "KWFT Client Drop-Out Study", mimeo prepared for ODA/BASE, Nairobi, 1996

• Mustafa, S et al (1996) Beacon of Hope: an Impact Assessment Study of BRAC's Rural Development Programme, Dhaka: BRAC

• Mustafa, S. (1996). Beacon of Hope: An Impact Assessment Study of BRAC's Rural Development Programme. Dhaka, BRAC.

• Mwarania, K.M. 1991. `Report on a consultancy on Income Generating Activities for Women', mimeo, UNICEF, Namibia.

• Nagarajan, G. and R. L. Meyer (1995). "Incorporating finance into a modified subsector framework: the fertilizer subsector in the Gambia." World Development 23(7): 1115-27.

• Nagarajan, G., R. Meyer, et al. (1995). "Effects of NGO Fianncial Intermediation on indigenous self help village groups in The Gambia." Development Policy Review 13.

• Nagarajan, Geetha and Richard L. Meyer, "Collateral Substitutes: Effect on Loan Access and Size in the Philippine Informal Credit Markets," Selected paper presented at the meetings of the 1996 American Agricultural Economics Association, ESO No. 2324, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, July 1996, 20 pgs.

• Nagarajan, Geetha, "Developing Financial Institutions in Conflict Affected Countries: Emerging Issues, First Lessons Learnt and Challenges Ahead", Geneva: International Labor Office, Social Development Finance Division, September 1997, 39 pgs.

• Nagarajan, Geetha, and Richard L. Meyer, "Linking Formal and Informal Financial Arrangements Through NGOs: An Experiment From The Gambia," African Review of Money Finance and Banking, 1-2, 1996, pp. 121-133.

• Narasimham, M. (1991). Narasimham committee report on the financial system. New Delhi, Standard Book Co.

• Narayana, R. (1992). "Institutional credit for rural development. Proper risk-management or group lending?" Economic and Political Weekly September 26th: A122-7.

• Navajas S., and others, "Poverty And Micro-finance In Bolivia," (Columbus: The Ohio State University, Department of Agricultural, Economics, 1996).

• Navajas, S., M. Schreiner, et al. (1998). Microcredit and the Poorest of the Poor: Theory and Evidence from Bolivia. Latin America and Caribbean Economic Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

• Navajas, Sergio, Mark Schreiner, Richard L. Meyer, Cluadio Gonzalez-Vega, and Jorge Rodriguez-Meza. (1998). "Microcredit and the Poorest of the Poor: Theory and Evidence from Bolivia." Paper presented at the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association Conference, October 22-24, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

• Navajas, Sergio, Richard L. Meyer, Claudio Gonzalez-Vega, Mark Schreiner and Jorge Rodrú„uez-Meza, "Poverty And Microfinance in Bolivia," ESO No. 2347, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, December 1996, 19 pgs.

• Navajas, Sergio; Schreiner, Mark; Meyer, Richard L.; Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio; and Jorge Rodriguez-Meza. (1999) "Microfinance and the Poorest of the Poor: Theory and Evidence From Bolivia" forthcoming in World Development.

• Ncube P., and M Sisulu, "The Informal Sector, Small Scale Industries and Redistribution in a Free South Africa,," (Belville: Economic Policy Research Project, University of Western Cape, 1991).

• Neill, Catherine and Olaf Kula. 1994. Integration of Gender into GEMINI. Technical Report #66, Washington, DC: Development Alternatives.

• NELSON, C; MkNELLY, B; STACK, K and YANOVITCH, L (1996) Village Banking, THE STATE OF PRACTICE, UNIFEM

• Nelson, Candace, Barbara MkNelly, Kathleen Stack, and Lawrence Yanovitch. 1995. Village Banking: The State of the Practice. New York: UNIFEM.

• Nelson, N. 1979. `Productive and Income Generating Activities for Third World Women', UNICEF Knowledge Network on Women, Paper 3, UNICEF Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Bogota.

• New Economics Foundation (1996) A Social Audit Manual for Small Organizations, London, New Economics Foundation

• Noponen, H. (1997). "Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation - A Prototype Internal Learning system for Livelihood and Micro-Credit Programs." Community Development Journal 32(1): 30-48.

• Noponen, Helzi. 1990. "loans to the Working Poor: A Longitudinal Study of Credit, Gender and the Household Economy." Working Paper No. 6. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University.

• North, Douglass C. (1994) "Economic Performance Through Time" American Economic Review, Vol. 84, No. 3, pp. 359-368.

• Nurkse, R. (1953). Problems of capital formation in underdeveloped countries. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

• O'Gara, Chloe. 1988. `Breastfeeding and Maternal Employment in Urban Honduras', in Women's Work and Child Welfare in the Third World, manuscript, International Centre for Research on Women, Chapter 5.

• OLNEY, G and BINNS, HM (1997) Evaluation of interventions by the European Commission in the field of rural savings and credit, phase 2, Case studies in Kenya, Uganda and Zambia, Rural Investment Overseas

• Osmani, L. N. K. (1998). "Impact of Credit on the Relative Well-Being of Women: Evidence from the Grameen Bank." IDS Bulletin 29(4): 31-38.

• Osuntogun, A. and R. Adeyemo (1981). "Mobilisation of Rural Savings and Credit Extension By Pre-Cooperative Organisations in South Western Nigeria." Savings and Development 5(4), P: 247-261.

• Otero M & Rhyne E (1994) "Financial Services for Micro enterprises: Principles and institutions" in The new world of micro enterprise finance (eds. Otero M and Rhyne E) IT publications: London

• OTERO Maria. The Concept of the Solidarity Group : Characteristics and their Significance for other Activities of the Informal Sector. Washington D.C., AITEC, PACT, 1992.

• Otero, M and Rhyne, E, eds (1994) The New World of Microenterprise Finance, London: IT Publications

• OTERO, M. and E. RHYNE (eds) (1994) The New World of Microenterprise Finance: Building healthy financial institutions for the poor, IT Publications, London

• Otero, Maria and Elisabeth Rhyne. (1994). The New World of Microenterprise Finance: Building Health Institutions for the Poor. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

• Otero, Maria and Elisabeth Rhyne. 1994. New World of MicroEnterprise Finance. West Hartford: Kumarian Press

• Otero, Maria. (1994). "The Evolution of Nongovernmental Organizations Toward Financial Intermediation." In Maria Otero and Elisabeth Rhyne (eds.), The New World of Microenterprise Finance: Building Healthy Institutions for the Poor, pp. 94-104. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

• Otero, Maria. 1986. "The Solidarity Group Concept: Its Characteristics and Significance for Urban Informal Sector Activities." New York: PACT.

• Otero, Maria.1989a. Breaking Through: The Expansion of Micro-Enterprise Programmes as a Challenge for Non-Profit Institutions. Cambridge, MA: ACCION International

• Otero, Maria.1989b. "A Handful of Rice: Saving Mobilization by Micro- Enterprise Programs and Perspectives for the Future." Monograph Series No. 3. Washington, DC:ACCION International.

• Otero, Maria.1989c. "Solidarity Group Programs: Working Methodology for Enhancing the Economic Activities of Women in the Informal Sector." In Women's Ventures: Assistance to the Informal Sector in Latin America,ed. by Maguerite Berger and Mayra Buvinic. West Hartford, CT:Kumarian Press.

• Otero, Maria.1989d. Microenterprise Assistance Programs: The Benefits, Costs and Sustainability. Cambridge: ACCION.

• Pal, Mariam, S., "Replicating the Grameen Bank in Burkina Faso," Small Enterprise Development, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 1997, pp. 16-22. Paxton, Julia, "CARE Village Banks Project", Sustainable Banking with the Poor - Case Studies in Microfinance, 1998 http://www-esd.worldbank.org/html/esd/agr/sbp/1998/guatemala.htm

• Panos Institute. 1989. Banking the Unbankable: Bringing Credit to the Poor, Panos Institute, London.

• PARKER, JC and TORRES, TR, (March 1993) Micro and small enterprise in Kenya : results of the 1993 National Baseline Survey, K-Rep research paper N°24, Kenya Rural Enterprise Programme, Nairobi

• Parker, Joan, and C. Aleke-Dondo. 199 1. "Kenya: Kibera's Small Enterprise Sector Baseline Survey Report. "GEMINI Working Paper No. 17. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternative, Inc.

• Patten, Richard H. and Donald R. Snodgrass. 1989. "Monitoring and Evaluating KUPEDES (General Rural Credit) in Indonesia." HIID Discussion Paper No. 249. Cambridge, MA: HIID.

• Patten, Richard H., and Jay K. Rosengard. 1991. Progress with Profits: The Development of Rural Banking in Indonesia. San Francisco: International Center for Economic Growth and the Harvard Institute for International Development.

• Paxton, Julia; and Carlos Cuevas. (1998) "Outreach and Sustainability of Member-based Rural Financial Intermediaries in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis" Sustainable Banking with the Poor, Washington, D.C.: World Bank

• Peace, G and Hulme, D (1994) 'Microenterprise and Childrent:What are the Intra-household Impacts of Income-generating Programmes', Small Enterprise Development 5 (1), 21-29

• Peace, Gill and David Hulme. 1994. "Microenterprise and Children -What are the Intra-Household Impacts of Income Generating Programmes?" in Small Enterprise Development 5(1): 21-29.

• PECK Christen Robert, RHYNE Elizabeth, VOGEL Robert C. Maximizing the Outreach of Microenterprise Finance : The Emergency Lessons of Successful Programs. Washington D.C., IMCC, 1994.

• Piccioto, R. and R. Weaving (1994). A New Project Cycle for the World Bank? Finance and Development. December.

• Pickering, H., E. Kajura, et al. (1996). "Women's groups and individual entrepreneurs; a Ugandan case study." Focus on Gender 4(3).

• Pirela Martinez, Hugo. 1990. "The Gray Area in Microenterprise Development." Grassroots Development 14(2):33-40.

• Pitt, M. and S. R. Khandker (1996). Household and Intra-Household Impacts of the Grameen Bank and Similar Targeted Credit Programs in Bangladesh. Washington DC, World Bank.

• Pitt, Mark and Shahidur R. Khandker. 1996. Household and Intrahousehold Impact of the Grameen Bank and Similar Targeted Credit Programmes in Bangladesh. World Bank Discussion Papers #320. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

• Pitt, Mark M.; and Shahidur R. Khandker. (1998) "The Impact of Group-based Credit Programs on Poor Households in Bangladesh: Does the Gender of the Participants Matter?"Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 106, No. 5, pp. 958-996.

• Pitt. Mark M & Shahidur R Khandker, 1996, 'Household and Intrahousehold Impact of the Grameen Bank and Similar Targeted Credit Programs in Bangladesh', World Bank Discussion Paper #320, IBRD, Washington, DC

• Platteau, Jean-Philippe and Anita Abraham, "An inquiry into quasi-credit contracts: the role of reciprocal credit and interlinked deals in small-scale fishing communities,"Journal of Development Studies 23, no. 4 (1987): 461-490.

• Polizatto, Vincent R "Prudential Regulation and Banking Supervision. Building and Institutional Framework for Banks." Policy, Planning, and Research Working Paper No. 340. Washington, DC: World Bank.

• Pop, Jeffrey, David Hoelscher, and Mohini Malhotra. 1989. "Microenterprise Stock-taking: The Dominican Republic." Washington, DC: USAID.

• Premchander, Smita. 1994. " Income Generating Programmes for Rural Women Examining the Role of NGO's" in Small Enterprise Development 5(1):14-20.

• PRODEM. 1988. "Micro-Business Development Bank, Bolivia: Investor's Preview." La Paz, Bolivia.

• PromPT, "Financial Services for the Rural Poor - Users' Perspectives", PromPT, Dhaka, 1996.

• Prugl, E. and I. Tinker (1997). "Microentrepreneurs and Homeworkers: Convergent Categories." World Development 25(9): 1471-1482.

• Puhazhendhi, V (1995) Transaction Costs of Lending to the Rural Poor: Non-Governmental Organisations and Self-Help Groups of the Poor as Intermediaries for Banks in India, Foundation for Development Cooperation, Brisbane, Australia.

• Puhazhendhi, V. 1995. Transactions Costs of Lending to the Rural Poor: NGO's and Self-help Groups of the Poor as Intermediaries. Brisbane: The Foundation for Development Cooperation.

• Pulley, R (1989) 'Making the Poor Creditworthy: a Case Study of the Integrated Rural Development Program in India', World Bank Discussion Paper 58, Washington DC: World Bank

• Pulley, R. V. Making the Poor Creditworthy: A Case Study of the Integrated Development Program of India, World Bank Discussion Paper 58. Washington, D.C., World Bank, 1989.

• Quanine, Jannat, 1989, Women and Nutrition: The Grameen Bank Experience, Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Vol. 11, p. 64-66.

• Quasem, M.A., "Limits to the alleviation of poverty through non-farm credit: a comment,"Bangladesh Development Studies 19, no. 3 (1991): 129-132.

• Rahman, A. (1996). "Micro Credit for women in rural Bangladesh: Retrenchment of Patriarchal Hegemony as a Consequence." Chicago Anthropology Exchange 23.

• Rahman, A. (1999). "Micro-credit Initiatives for Equitable and Sustainable Development: Who Pays?" World Development 27(1): 67-82.

• Rahman, Atiur. 1988. "Alleviation of Rural Poverty: Replicability of the Grameen Bank Model". South Asia Journal 1(4).

• Rahman, R.I. "Hardcore Poor and NGO Intervention, "mimeo, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, May 1998.

• Rahman, Rushidan Islam. 1988. "Poor Women's Access to Economic Gain from Grameen Bank Loans." Working Paper No. 9/12. National Centre for Development Studies. Dhaka, Bangladesh.

• Rahman, Siddiqur et al., From Calories to Capacity Building: Poverty Alleviation Programmes and Delivery Systems in Bangladesh, Grameen Bank, 1991

• Rajakutty, S (1997) "Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA): Are we in the right course?" Journal of Rural Development, 16 (1), pp. 85-112.

• Rajasekhar, D (1994) Savings and Credit Systems of the Poor as a Strategy of Economic Development: Some NGDO Experiences in India, NOVIB and HIVOS.

• Rajasekhar, D (1996) "Problems and Prospects of Group Lending in NGO Credit Programmes in India", Savings and Development, 20 (1).

• Rajasekhar, D (1997) "Making Community Banking Sustainable" Voices, Vol. 1(2).

• Rajasekhar, D and Narasimha Reddy (1997) Local Government Programmes and NGOs, Bangalore: DSI.

• Rajasekhar, D and Vinod Vyasalu (1990) "Rural Credit Delivery System: A study in Pali District", Economic and Political Weekly, September 29.

• Rajasekhar, D. 1996. "Problems and Prospects of Group lending in NGO Credit Programmes in India " in Savings and Development (l): XX.

• Ray, Jaynta Kumar To Chase a Miracle: A Case Study of the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, University Press Ltd. Dhaka, 1987.

• Reichmann, Rebecca. 1984. Women's Participation in ADEMI: The Association for the Development of Microenterprises,, Inc. Cambridge: ACCION.

• Reinke, Jens, "Does Solidarity Pay? The Case of the Small Enterprise Foundation, South Africa,"Development and Change 29, no. 3 (1998): 553-576.

• Reinke, Jens, "How to lend like mad and make a profit: a micro-credit paradigm versus the start-up fund in South Africa,"Journal of development studies 34, no. 3 (1998): 44-61.

• Reinke, Jens, Alternative Models for Micro-Credit in South Africa "Theoretical Foundations and two Case Studies", Savings and Development, Vol. XX, No. 3, 1996, pp. 269-282.

• Remenyi, J (1991) Where Credit is Due, London: IT Publications

• Remenyi, J. Where Credit is Due: Income-Generating Programmes for the Poor in Developing Countries. London, Intermediate Technology, 1991.

• Remenyi, Joe. 1991. Where Credit is Due: Income Generating Programmes for the Poor in Developing Countries. London: IT Press.

• Rennie, J. K. and N. C. Singh. Participatory Research for Sustainable Livelihoods. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1995.

• Restrepo Chebair, Eliana and Rebecca Reichmann. 1995. Balancing the Double Day: Women as Managers of MicroEnterprises. Monograph Series #10. Cambridge: ACCION.

• RHYNE, E and HOLT, S (July 1994) Women in Finance and Enterprise Development, The World Bank, Education and Social Policy Department, ESP Discussion Paper Series N°40

• Rhyne, E. and M. Otero (1992). "Financial services for microenterprises: principles and institutions." World Development 20: 1561-1571.

• Rhyne, Elisabeth and Linda Rotblatt;What Makes Them Tick? Exploring the Anatomy of Major Microenterprise Institutions; ACCION Monograph

• Rhyne, Elisabeth. (1994). "A New View of Finance Program Evaluation." In Maria Otero and Elisabeth Rhyne (eds.), The New World of Microenterprise Finance: Building Healthy Institutions for the Poor, pp. 105-116. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

• Rhyne, Elisabeth. (1998). "The Yin and Yan of Microfinance: Reaching the Poor and Sustainability." MicroBanking Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 6-8.

• Rhyne, Elisabeth. 1991. "The Microenterprise Finance Institutions of Indonesia and Their Implications for Donors." GEMINI Working Paper No. 20. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Riddel, R and Mark Robinson (1992) "The impact of NGO Poverty Alleviation Projects: Results of the Case Study Evaluations", Working Papers No. 68, London: Overseas Development Institute.

• RIVAS Hugo. AIPE. Rural Credit, Analysis and Reflections of Institutional Experiences. AIPE, La Paz, Bolivia, 1995.

• Robert Peck Christen, Banking Services for the Poor: Managing for Financial Success, ACCION International, 1997.

• Roberts, Margeret, Labour in the farm economy, 2nd ed. (Johannesburg: S.A. Institute of Race Relations, 1959).

• Robinson, Margueritte, "Introducing Savings Mobilization in Microfinance Programs: When and How ?", Microfinance Network, Cavite, Philippines, and HIID, USA, November 1995.

• Robinson, Joan, The generalisation of the general theory, and other essays, 2nd ed. (London: Macmillan, 1979).

• Robinson, M. S. Savings Mobilization and Microenterprise Finance: the Indonesian Experience, in The New World of MicroEnterprise Finance. West Hartford, Kumarian Press, 1994.

• Robinson, Marguerite 5. 1989. "The Framework and Development of the Bank Rakyat Indonesia Unit Banking System, 1970-1994." Mimeo, 2 vols. Jakarta: Center for Policy and Implementation Studies. 1992. "Rural Financial Intermediation: Lessons from Indonesia." Development Discussion Paper. Cambridge, MA HIID.

• Robinson, Marguerite S. "Introducing Savings Mobilization in Microfinance Programs: When and How ?" Microfinance Network, Cavite, Philippines, and HIID, USA, November 1995.

• Robinson, Marguerite S. Preliminary Thoughts on Banco Sol's Forthcoming Savings Program. s.l.s.e., 1992.

• Robinson, Marguerite S., "Introducing Savings Mobilization in Microfinance Programs: When and How ?", Microfinance Network, Cavite, Philippines, and HIID, USA (November 1995).

• Robinson, Marguerite S., and Donald R. Snodgrass. 1987. "The Role of Institutional Credit in Indonesia's Rice Intensification Prograrn." Development Discussion paper No. 248. Cambridge, MA: HIID.

• Robinson, Marguerite S., and Sudarno Sumarto. 1988. "Savings and lending in the Unit Banking Systems." Mimeo. Jakarta: Center for Policy and Implementation Studies.

• Robinson, Marguerite S.. "Savings Mobilization and Microenterprise Finance: The Indonesian Experience", in Otero, Maria, and Elizabeth Rhyne, "The New World of Microenterprise Finance" Kumarian Press, West Hartford, 1994, and Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 1994.

• Robinson, Marguerite, Rural Finandal Intermediation.. Lessons from Indonesia, 1st ed., 3 vols. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Institute for International Development., 1992).

• Robinson, Margueritte, "Introducing Savings Mobilization in Microfinance Programs: When and How ?", Microfinance Network, Cavite, Philippines, and HIID, USA, November 1995.

• Rock, Rachel and Maria Otero. From Margin To Mainstream: The Regulation and Supervision of Microfinance. Accion Monograph Series No. 11, 1996

• Rodey, Barbara J. (1997). The Spiritual Dimensions of Microfinance: Towards a Just Civilization and Sustainable Economy. Paris: European Baha'I Business Forum.

• Rogaly B., "Micro-Finance Evangelism, "Destitute Women" and the Hard Selling of a New AntiPpoverty Formula" Development in Practice, Volume 6, Number 2, 1996.

• Rogaly, B (1996) 'Micro-finance evangelism, 'destitute women', and the hard selling of a new anti-poverty formula', Development in Practice 6(2), 100-112.

• Rogaly, Ben. (1996). "Micro-finance Evangelism, 'destitute women,' and the Hard Selling of a New Anti-poverty Formula." Development in Practice, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 100-112.

• Rogers, B., and N. Youssef. 1988. `The Importance of Women's Involvement in Economic Activities in the Improvement of Child Nutrition and Health', in Food and Nutrition Bulletin: 10(3).

• Rogerson, C.M., "The underdevelopment of the informal sector: street hawking in Johannesburg, South Africa,"Urban Geography 9 (1988): 549-567.

• Rogerson,C.M., "Johannesburg's informal sector: historical continuity and change,"African Urban Quarterly 1 (1986): 139-151.

• Rosenberg, Richard. (1996) "Microcredit Interest Rates" Occasional Paper No. 1, Washington, D.C.: Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest, www.worldbank.org/html/cgap/occ1.htm.

• Roth J (1995) "Silence is golden for insurance sharks" in the Mail & Guardian 3 February 1995

• Roth, Hans-Dieter. 1983. Indian Moneylenders at Work: Case Studies of the Traditional Rural Credit Markets in Dhanbad District, Bihar. New Delhi: Manohar.

• Rowlatt, Amanda, "Microfinance - Involving Banks," Small Enterprise Development, Vol. 8, No. 2, June 1997, pp. 41-47.

• Rubio, Frank. 1991. "Microenterprise Growth Dynamics in the Domincan Republic: The ADEMI Case." GEMINI Working Paper No. 2 1. Bethesda, MD: Development Alternatives, Inc.

• Rutherford, S (1993) 'Learning to lend: Informal Savings and Credit Schemes in Bangladesh' SCF Working Paper No. 5, London: Save the Children Fund.

• Rutherford, S. (1997). A Critical Typology of Financial Services for the Poor. London, ACTIONAID.

• Rutherford, Stuart "The Savings of the Poor: Improving Financial Services in Bangladesh", Journal of International Development, London, 1998.

• Rutherford, Stuart "The Savings of the Poor: Improving Financial Services in Bangladesh" Journal of International Development, London, 1997.

• Rutherford, Stuart and Harry Mugwanga, "FAULU - Mid-Term Review", mimeo, BASE-ODA, Kenya, 1996.

• Rutherford, Stuart, "A Critical Typology of Financial Services for the Poor", ActionAid and Oxfam, London 1996.

• Rutherford, Stuart, "A Critical Typology of Financial Services for the Poor", ActionAid and Oxfam, London 1996.

• Rutherford, Stuart, "A Critical Typology of Financial Services for the Poor", ActionAid Working Paper #1, London (1996).

• Rutherford, Stuart, "The Savings of the Poor: Improving Financial Services in Bangladesh", Journal of International Development, London (1998).

• Rutherford, Stuart, and Iftekhar Hossain, "BURO, Tangail's new products: Preliminary Operational Research", Manuscript, Dhaka, 1997.

• Rutherford, Stuart, and Iftekhar Hossain, "BURO, Tangail's new products: Preliminary Operational Research", Manuscript, Dhaka, 1997.

• Saha, Sujit R; Rahman, Saidur; Banerjee, Prashanta K; 1994 Cost Efficiency in Banking A study-based paper prepared for presentation in the Seminar on "cost efficiency in Banking" held at Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management

• Sartono, Hudi. 1991. "The Rural Banking Unit in Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI)." Mimeo. Jakarta: Center for Policy and Implementation Studies.

• Sawyer, Susana. 1990. "Training and Technical Assistance in Small Enterprise Development Strategies: An Examination of the issues for 30 PVO's." Mimeo. Small Enterprise Education and Promotion (SEEP) Network.

• SBP, "A Worldwide Inventory of Micro-finance Institutions", The Sustainable Banking with the Poor Study (ASTHR & AGRPW), The World Bank, 1996, 56 pgs.

• SBP, "FINCA "Insight from a unique approach to Village Banking", Sustainable Banking with the Poor - Case Studies in Microfinance, 1998, http://www-esd.worldbank.org/html/esd/agr/sbp/may/costa.htm

• SBP, "Indonesia’s Rural Finance System: The Role of the State and Private Institutions", Sustainable Banking with the Poor - Case Studies in Microfinance, 1998, http://www-esd.worldbank.org/html/esd/agr/sbp/may/indonesia.htm

• Schaefer-Kehnert, W., "Success with group lending in a Malawi,"Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 9, no. 4 (1980): 331-337.

• SCHLUTER, SR; HASHEMI, SM and RILEY, AP (draft 20 MARCH 1997) MEN'S VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN RURAL BANGLADESH: UNDERMINED OR EXACERBATED BY MICROCREDIT PROGRAMS?

• Schmidt, R. and C.-P. Zeitinger The Efficiency of Credit-Granting NGOs in Latin America, Interdisziplinare Projekt Consult GmbH.

• Schmidt, R. H. and C. P. Zeitinger. Critical Issues in Small and Microbusiness Finance, Frankfurt am Main, IPC, 1994.

• Schmidt, Reinhard H and Rochus Mommartz. A Strategy for the IDB/El Salvador in the area of financial services for microenterprises. IPC, 1996

• Schmidt, Reinhard H., Zeitinger, Claus Peter, "The Efficiency of Credit-Granting NGOs in Latin America", Savings and Development, Vol. XX, No.3, 1996, pp. 353-381.

• Schmidt-Hebbel, Klaus, Luis Servén, and Andrés Solimano, "Saving and Investment: Paradigms, Puzzles, Policies," The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1996, pp. 87-117.

• Schmit, L.T. 1991. "Rural Credit Between Subsidy and Market: Adjustment of the Village Units of Bank Rakyat Indonesia in Sociological Perspective." Leiden Development Series No. 11. Leiden: Leiden University.

• Schneider, H., "Microfinance for the Poor?" Development Centre Seminars. Paris: OECD and IFAD, 1997.

• Schreiner, M. (1998). The Rigorous Evaluation of Microenterprise Programs, shcreiner@gwbmail.wustl.edu.

• Schreiner, Mark, Nagarajan, Geetha, "Predicting Creditworthiness with Publically Observable Characteristics: Evidence from ASCRAs and ROSCAs in The Gambia", Savings and Development, No. 4, 1997, pp. 399-414.

• Schreiner, Mark. (1997) A Framework For the Analysis of the Performance and Sustainability of Subsidized Microfinance Organizations With Application to BancoSol of Bolivia and Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University.

• Schreiner, Mark. (1997a). "Ways Donors Can Help the Evolution of Sustainable Microfinance Organizations." Occasional Paper No. 2362, Rural Finance Program, Ohio State University.

• Schreiner, Mark. (1997b). "How to Measure the Subsidy Received by a Development Finance Institution." Occasional Paper No. 2361, Rural Finance Program, Ohio State University.

• Schrieder, G., and F. Heidhues. 1995. "Reaching the Poor through Financial Innovations", Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 34 (2): 132-148.

• Schuler, S R and Hashemi, S M (1996) 'Credit Programs, Women's Empowerment and Contraceptive Use in Rural Bangladesh', Studies in Family Planning 25(2), 65-76

• Schuler, S R and Hashemi, S M and Riley, A P (1997) 'The influence of women's changing roles and status in Bangladesh's fertility transition: evidence from a study of credit programs and contraceptive use', World Development 25(4), 563-576

• Schuler, S. R., S. M. Hashemi, et al. (1998). "Men's violence against women in rural Bangladesh: undermined or exacerbated by microcredit programmes." Development in Practice 8(2): 148-157.

• Schuler, S.R. and Hashemi, S.M. (1994). Credit programs, women's empowerment, and contraceptive use in rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning, Vol. 25, No 2.

• Scoones, I. (1995). "Investigating difference: applications of wealth ranking and household survey approaches among farming households in Southern Zimbabawe." Development and Change 26.

• Sebstad, J and Chen, G (1996) Overview of Studies on the Impact of Microenterprise Credit, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• Sebstad, J, Neill, C, Barnes, C and Chen, G (1995) Assessing the Impacts of Microenterprise Interventions: A Framework for Analysis, Washington DC: USAID

• Sebstad, J. (1998). Toward Guidelines for Lower-Cost Impact Assessment Methodologies for Microenterprise Programs. http://www.mip.org, USAID/AIMS.

• Sebstad, J., Neill, C., Barnes, C., and Chen, G. (1995). Assessing the impacts of microenterprise interventions: A Framework for Analysis. Washington DC, USAID/ Office of Microenterprise Development.

• Sebstad, Jennefer and Gregory Chen. (1996). "Overview of Studies on the Impact of Microenterprise Credit." Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services. Washington, D.C.: Management Systems International.

• Sebstad, Jennifer. 1982. 'Struggle and Development Among Self- Employed Women." Washington, DC: USAID.

• SEEP Network, Financial Ratio Analysis of Micro-finance Institutions; The SEEP Network; 35pp, 1995.

• SEEP Network, Microenterprise Credit Programs: Projecting Financial Viability (computer model and manual), The SEEP Network; 54pp.

• SEEP. 1989a. "Expanding the Benefits of Small Enterprise Development: A Dialogue." Report of a Joint Forum of the SEEP Network and PACT

• SEEP. 1989b. "Small Enterprise Development and Income Generating Activities Through Indigenous Non-governmental Organizations: Towards a Strategy." Report to the international Labour Office. New York: Small Enterprise Education and Promotion (SEEP) Network.

• SEEP-UNIFEM, Village Banking: The State of the Practice (New York: UNIFEM., 1996).

• Seibel, H. D. "Linking Informal and Formal Financial Institutions in Africa and Asia", Social Strategies(2). Basel, University of Basel, 1989.

• Seibel, Hans Dieter and Uben Parhusip. (1998). "Microfinance in Indonesia: As Assessment of Microfinance Institutions Banking with the Poor." Occasional Paper No. 2365, Rural Finance Program, Ohio State University.

• Seibel, Hans Dieter, "Microfinance in Laos: A Case for Women's Banking?" ESO No. 2374, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, July 1997, 31 pgs.

• Seibel, Hans Dieter, "Microfinance in Nepal: An Assessment of Microfinance Institutions Banking with the Poor," ESO No. 2368, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, May 1997, 21 pgs.

• Seibel, Hans Dieter, "Microfinance in the Philippines: An Assessment of Microfinance Institutions Banking with the Poor," ESO No. 2367, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, April 1997, 22 pgs.

• Seibel, Hans Dieter, "Upgrading, Downgrading, Linking, Innovating: Microfinance Development Strategies a Systems Perspective ," ESO No. 2371, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, June 1997, 31 pgs.

• Seibel, HD, "Rural finance in Africa: The role of informal and formal financial institutions,"Development and Co-operation 6, no. 12-14 (1986).

• Sellick, Rose-Mary, "A study in local history : Grahamstown, 1883-1904"(MA, Rhodes University, 1983).

• Sen, Binayak; 1989; Moneylenders and informal financial markets: insights from Haor areas of rural Bangladesh Research Report No. 100, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies

• Shams, Khalid M., Designing Effective Credit Delivery System for the Poor: The Grameen Bank Experience, Grameen Bank, 1992.

• Shaw, E. S. Financial Deepening in Economic Development. New York, Oxford University Press, 1973.

• Sheng, Andrew; 1996; Bank Restructuring Lessons from the 1980s The World Bank

• Shipton, P. (1990). How Gambians Save. Washington DC, World Bank.

• Shipton, P. (1994). Time and Money in the Western Sahel: A Clash of Cultures in Gambian Rural Finance. Anthropoloy and Institutional Economcis. J. M. Acheson. Lanham, University Press of America: 283-327.

• Siamwalla, Ammar et.al, "The Thai Rural Credit System: Public Sunsidies, Private Information, and Segmented Markets,"The World Bank Economic Review 4, no. 3 (1990): 271-295.

• Siddique, Kamal, An Evaluation of the Grameen Bank Operation. National Institute of Local Government, Dhaka, 1984.

• Sideri, Sandro. 1984. "Savings Mobilization in Rural Areas and Process of Economic Development." Savings and Development 8(3):207-16.

• Singh, Karam. 1983. "Structure of Interest Rates on Consumption loans in an Indian Village." In Rural Financial Markets in Developing Countries: Their Use and Abuse, ed. by JD Von Pischke, Dale W. Adams, and Gordon Donald, 251-54. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

• Singh,Surjeet, "Rural Credit: Issues for the Nineties,"Economic and Political Weekly , no. November 17 (1990): 2531-2535.

• Slower, C.H., "Informal Groups in Rural Zaire: A Club Theory Approach"(Ohio State University, 1991).

• Snodgrass, D (1996) The Economic Policy and Regulatory Environment, Washington DC: Management Systems International

• Snodgrass, Donald R., and Richard H. Patten. 1991. "Reform of Rural Credit in Indonesia: Inducing Bureaucracies to Behave Competitively." In Reforming Economic Systems in Developing Countries, ed. by Dwight H. Perkins and Michael Roemer, 341-63. Cambridge, MA: HIID.

• Sobhan, Rehman; Ahsan, Ahmad; 1990; Problems of Repayment to the DFIs in Bangladesh: Results of a Field Survey of Selected Enterprises Research Report No: 112 Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies

• Sobhan, Rehman; Fatmi, N. Ehsan; 1990; Role and Problems of Public Financial Institutions in the Recovery of Loans; Case Studies of Nationalised Commercial Banks Research Report No. 111, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies

• Soekirman. 1983. `Women's Work and its Effects on Child Nutritional Status in Central Java', paper presented at the 18th International Conference on Nutrition, Brighton, England, 18-23 August.

• Soto, H. d. (1990). The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third World. New York, Harper and Row.

• Srinivas, Hari "14 Reasons why the Informal Credit Market has to be supported: Policy Implications for Low-Income Housing Finance" - Paper presented at the XXIII IAHS World Congress 25-29 September, 1995, Singapore.

• Srinivas, Hari "A Continuum of Informality of Credit: What can Informal Lenders Teach Us?" Savings and Development. Vol. XX, No.2, 1996 (with Yoichiro Higuchi).

• Srinivas, Hari "Community Groups and Planning Action: The Need for Citizen's Participation" Paper presented at the 30th World Congress of ISOCARP at Prague, Czech Republic, 4-10 September, 1994.

• Srinivas, Hari "Community Participation in Low-Income Housing and Its Role in Mobilization of Informal Financial Resources" Paper presented at the 29th World Congress of ISOCARP at Glasgow. UK, September, 1993.

• Srinivas, Hari "Information Dissemination of Microfinance Issues: The Virtual Library on Microcredit". Presentation paper at the Meet the Challenge Session II, Microcredit Summit, Washington DC, February 2-4, 1997.

• Srinivas, Hari "Microcredit in Developing Countries: Facilitative Roles of NGOs" Planning Administration. Volume 21, Number 2, June 1998.

• Srinivas, Hari "Microcredit: Small Solutions to Big problems." Invited paper prepared for the regional seminar on Supporting effective and equitable financial services for the urban poor. 1-3 April 1998, Bangkok, Thailand.

• Srinivas, Hari "Micro-ODA and Mircocredit: New Directions for Japan's ODA" Paper presented at the International Leaders Symposium '96. 27-29 August, 1996.

• Srinivas, Hari "People-centered Credit Systems in Developing Countries: The Need for Regional Networks" Colloqui - Cornell Journal of Planing and Urban Issues, Spring 1995.

• Srinivas, Hari "The Continuum of Informality of Credit: Lessons for Formal Sector Lending" Paper presented at the 2nd Symposium: Housing for the Urban Poor, Birmingham, UK, April, 1994.

• Srinivas, Hari "The Co-option of Low-Income Borrowers by Informal Credit Suppliers" Third World Planning Review. Vol. 18, No.2, 1996. (with Barbara Igel).

• Stearns, K. Leverage or Loss? Guarantee Funds and Microenterprises. Accion International, 1993.

• Stearns, Katherine, and Maria Otero, eds. 1990. "The Critical Connection: Governments, Private Institutions, and the Informal Sector in Latin America." Monograph Series 5. Cambridge, MA: ACCION International.

• Stearns, Katherine. 1985. Assisting Informal Sector Microenterprises in Developing Countries. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

• Stearns, Katherine. 1991. The Hidden Beast: Delinquency in Microenterprise Credit Programs. Cambridge: ACCION.

• Stearns, Katherine.1989. Microenterprise Development : Is Client Graduation a Myth?. Cambridge: ACCION.

• Steel, W. F. and E. Aryeetey (1994). Informal Savings Collectors in Ghana: Can They Intermediate? Finance and Development. March, 31, no. 1: 36-37..

• Stein, Laura Guzman, "Income generating strategies for poor women in Costa Rica: Improvement in their social and economic status?,"International Social Work 35, no. 2 (1992): 176-190.

• Stiglitz, J. E. "The Role of the State in Financial Markets", Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics, pp.19-52, 1993.

• Stiglitz, J. E. (1989). "Financial markets and development." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 1989: 61.

• Stiglitz, J. E. and J. Weiss (1981). "Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information." American Economic Review 71(3): 393-410.

• Stiglitz, Joseph E. 1990. "Peer Monitoring and Credit Markets." World Bank Economic Review 4(3): 351-66.

• Stiglitz, Joseph E., and A. Weiss. 198 1. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information." American Economic Review 71:393-410.

• Stroh, Paul. 1986. "National Development Foundation of Jamaica: Lessons learned Since Inception through July 1986." Washington, DC: Development Technologies, Inc.

• SUBBARAO, K and others (1994) Enhancing Women's Participation in Economic Development, A World Bank policy paper

• Sugianto. 1989. "KUPEDES and SIMPEDES." Asia Pacific Rural Finance 5: 12-14.

• Sugianto. 1989. 1990a. "Development of Rural Agricultural Financial Policy and the Progress and Benefits of BRI's KUPEDES Prograrn." Mimeo. Jakarta: BRI.

• Sugianto. 1989. 1990b. "Transaction Costs at Small Scale Banks Below the Branch Level." Mimeo. Jakarta: BRI.

• Taal, H. (1989). "How farmers cope with risk and stress in rural Gambia." IDS Bulletin 20(2): 16-22.

• Tanburn, J. (1999). Report of the Business Development Services Workshop in Harare, 29 September to 1 October,1998. Geneva, ILO.

• Tankou, Maurice and Dale W. Adams, "Sophisticated rotating saving and credit associations in Cameroon,"Savings and Development Supplement 1/2 (1995): 81-92.

• Teare P (1996) "Grameen woman blues" in Living Marxism May 1996

• Temu, A. E. (1994). A Study of the Rural Financial Market in Tanzania. Wye, University of London: 256.

• Temu, A. E. and G. P. Hill (1994). "Some Lessons from Informal Financial Practices in Rural Tanzania." African Review of Money Finance and Banking(1/2): 141-165.

• Tendler, Judith, "What ever happened to poverty alleviation?,"World Development 17, no. 7 (1989): 1033-1044.

• Tendler, Judith. 1983. "Ventures in the Informal Sector, and How They Worked Out in Brazil." AID Evaluation Special Study No. 12. Washington, DC: USAID.

• Tendler, Judith. 1989. "Whatever Happened to Poverty Alleviation?" In Microenterprises in Developing Countries, ed. by Jacob Levitsky. London: Intermediate Technologies Publications.

• The World Bank ; 1996 Bangladesh Rural Finance Agriculture and Natural Resources Division, Report No. 15484-BD, The World Bank

• Thomas, J. J. (1995). "Replicating the Grameen Bank - the Latin American Experience." Small Enterprise Development 6(2): 16-26.

• Thomas, J.J. 1995. "Replicating the Grameen Bank - the Latin American Experience" in Small Enterprise Development 6(2): 16-26.

• Tiamiyu, Mojisola, "A Bank for the 'Poor': Perceptions of the Female Clients of the People's Bank of Nigeria,"Community Development Journal 29, no. 1 (1994): 47-61.

• Timberg Tom, and CV Aiyar, "Informal credit markets in India,"Economic Development and Cultural change 33, no. 1 (1984).

• Todd, H. (1996). Women at the Center: Grameen Bank Borrowers After One Decade. Colorado, Westview Press.

• Todd, H. "Woman At The Center: Grameen Bank After One Decade" University Press Limited, Dhaka, 1996.

• Todd, Helen. Women at the Center: Grameen Bank Borrowers After One Decade. Dhaka, The University Press Limited, 1996.

• Trape, Philippe and Jean-Francis Benhamou. (1996). "French Assistance for the Development of Micro-finance Institutions." CGAP Newsletter No. 2, pp. 20-22. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

• U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). 1972. "Spring Review of Rural Credit." Washington, DC: USAID.

• Udry, Christopher, "Credit markets in northern Nigeria: credit as insurance in a rural economy,"World Bank Economic Review 4 , no. September (1990): 251-271.

• Undersecretary of Public Investment and External Financing. National Bolivian Directory of NGOs. La Paz, 1996.

• UN-ESCAP, Bank Credit for Rural Women. Report on the Study Tour of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. Bangkok: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 1985.

• UNFPA, 1993. Evaluation Report: Women and Micro-Enterprises: An Assessment of UNFPA Experience. New York.

• UNICEF. 1985. E/ICEF/85, `Selected Case Studies on Programmes for Women Supported by UNICEF', Economic and Social Council, United Nations, New York.

• UNICEF. 1986. E/ICEF/86/P/L.26, `Regional Programme for Women's Participation in Development'.

• UNICEF. 1988. E/ICEF/88/L.1, `Progress Report on Achievements Made in the Implementation of UNICEF Policy on Women in Development'.

• UNICEF. 1989a. `Technical Training and Credit for Women, A Right not a Gift: Three Case Studies in Colombia, Latin America and the Caribbean', UNICEF Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean.

• UNICEF. 1989b. `Women's Economic Activities and Integration Networks, Eastern and Southern Africa', UNICEF Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa.

• UNICEF. 1990a. `Development Goals and Strategies for Children in the 1990s', Policy Review Paper, UNICEF, New York.

• UNICEF. 1990b. `Progress Report on Achievements Made in the Implementation of UNICEF Policy on Women in Development', Economic and Social Council, United Nations, New York.

• UNICEF. 1990c. `Activities Relating to Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region', Internal Report, UNICEF Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa.

• UNICEF. 1991. `Progress on the Achievements Made in the Implementation of UNICEF Policy on Women in Development', Economic and Social Council, United Nations, New York.

• UNIFEM. 1991. `Operational Guidelines for Credit Projects and Those with Credit Components' (Draft Document).

• UNIFEM. 1995. A Question of Access: A Training Manual on Planning Credit Projects that Take Women into Account. New York: PACT Publications.

• United Nations Capital Development Fund, Microfinance and Anti-Poverty Strategies, A Donor Perspective (1997).

• United Nations Development Programme. Poverty Eradication: a Policy Framework for Country Strategies. New York, 1995.

• United Nations. "The Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action." New York, 1995.

• United Nations. "Towards Advancing Financial Intermediation in Africa". Report to the Secretary-General, Report A/50/490. 1995.

• United States Agency for International Development, "Assessing the impacts of microenterprise interventions: a framework for analysis, managing for results, Working Paper No. 7 (March 1995)

• Uphoff, Norman T. 1986. Local Institutional Development: An Analytical Source Book with Cases. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.

• USAID, Assessing the Impacts of Microenterprise Interventions: A Framework for Analysis; USAID AIMS Project; 58pp, 1995.

• USAID/CDIE, Maximizing the Outreach of Microenterprise Finance: The Emerging Lessons of Successful Programs; IMCC; 54 pp; 1994.

• Vaghul, N. (1994). "Liberalization and financial markets in India." Columbia Journal of World Business 29(1).

• Van Horne, James C. Financial Market Rates & Flows, Prentice Hall International, Inc. 1990

• Varley, R. C. "Financial Services and Environmental Health," Environmental Health Project. Washington, D.C., United States Agency for International Development, 1995.

• Vial, I., and E. Muchnic. 1988. `Women's Market Work, Infant Feeding Practices and Infant Nutrition among Low Income Women in Santiago, Chile', Women's Work and Child Welfare in the Third World, manuscript, International Centre for Women's Research, Chapter 6.

• Vincent, F. Alternative Financing of Third World Development Organizations and NGOs, Geneva, IRED International, 1995.

• Viswanath, Vanita. 1989. Extending Credit to Rural Women: NGO Models from South India. World Bank Working Paper No. 184. Washington, DC: World Bank.

• Vittas, Dimitri. Financial Regulation: Changing the Rules of the Game, Economic Development Insitute of the World Bank, 1992

• Vogel R.C. and P Burkett, "Deposit mobilization in developing countries: The importance of reciprocity in lending,"The Journal of Developing Areas 20 (1986): 425 - 438.

• Vogel, R.C. "Savings Mobization: The Forgotten Half of Rural Finance", in "Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit", edited by D.W. Adams, D. Graham and J.D. Von Pischke, Westview Press, Boulder, 1984.

• Vogel, R.C. "Savings Mobization: The Forgotten Half of Rural Finance" in "Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit" edited by D.W. Adams, D. Graham and J.D. Von Pischke, Westview Press, Boulder, 1984.

• Vogel, R.C., "Savings Mobilization: The Forgotten Half of Rural Finance", in Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, edited by D.W. Adams, D. Graham and J.D. Von Pischke, Westview Press, Boulder (1984).

• Vogel, Robert, Other People's Money: Regulatory Issues Facing Microenterprise Finance Programs; ; 14pp; 1994.

• Von Pischke J.D. (1991) Finance at the Frontier World bank: Washington

• von Pischke J.D., "ROSCAs: State-of-the-Art Financial Intermediation,"in Informal Finance in Low-Income countries, ed. Dale Adams and D.A. Fitchett (Boulder and Oxford: Westview Press, 1992), 325-335.

• von Pischke J.D., "Rural Credit Project Design, Implementation and Loan Collection Performance,"Savings and Development IV, no. 2 (1980): 81-91.

• von Pischke J.D., and Dale Adams, "Fungibility and the design and evaluation of agricultural credit projects,"American Journal of Agricultural Economics 62 (1980): 719-726.

• von Pischke J.D., Dale Adams, and Gordon Donald, Rural Financial Institutions in Developing Countries (Baltimore: John Hobkins University Press, 1983).

• von Pischke J.D., Peter J. Heffernan, and Dale W. Adams, The political economy of specialized farm credit institutions in low-income countries, vol. 446 (Washington, D.C. (1818 H. St., N.W., Washington 20433): World Bank, 1981).

• Von Pischke, J. D. "Risk: the Neglected Dimension in Rural Credit Projects," Savings and Development, XIII, No.2, 1989.

• Von Pischke, J. D. (1991). Finance at the Frontier: Debt Capacity and the Role of Credit in the Private Economy. Washington DC, World Bank.

• von Pischke, J. D. and D. Adams (1980). "Fungibility and the Design and Evaluation of Agricultural Credit Projects." American Journal of Agricultural Economics.

• Von Pischke, J. D. and Dale W. Adams. (1980). "Fungibility and the Design and Evaluation of Agricultural Credit Projects." American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 719-726.

• Von Pischke, J. D., D. Adams, et al., Eds. (1983). Rural Financial Markets in Developing Countries. Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press.

• Von Pischke, J.D. (1991) Finance at the Frontier: Debt Capacity and the Role of Credit in the Private Economy, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

• Von Pischke, John D.. "ROSCAS: State-of-the-Art Financial Intermediation" in Informal Finance in Low Income Countries. Edited by DW Adams and Delbert A. Fitchett, 325-336. Boulder, CO:Westview Press.

• Vyas, Jayashree (1992), "Banking with Poor Self-employed Women" in Savings and Credit: The NGO Factor, Bangalore: ActionAid (India).

• Wahid, Abu N. M. (ed.) The grameen bank: Poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993).

• Wahid, Abu, 1993, ed., The Grameen Bank: Poverty Relief in Bangladesh, Westview, Boulder, CO.

• Webster, Leila, "World Bank lending for small and medium enterprises: fifteen years of experience,"Small Enterprise Development 2 (1991): 1-15.

• Webster, Leila. (1995). "The Informal Sector and Micro-finance Institutions in West Africa [Implications for the World Bank]." CGAP Newsletter No. 1, pp. 9-10. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

• Weeks, John, "Uncertainty", risk and wealth and income distribution in peasant agriculture,"Jouranl of Develoment Studies 7 (1971): 28-36.

• WEIDERMANN, JC (1992) "Financial Services for Women" Tools for Microenterprise Programs: Financial Assistance Section, GEMINI Project used in GEMINI Best Practices Workshop (May 1995) Workshop Outline, Nairobi, Kenya

• Westhead, P. and D. Storey (1996). "Management Training and Small Firm Performance: Why is the Link So Weak?" International Small Business Journal 14(4).

• Westley, Glenn D. "Financial Reforms in Latin America: Where Have We Been, Where Are We Going?"Office of the Chief Economist, The Inter-American Development Bank, January 1995

• Wickrama, K.A.S. and pat M. Keith. 1994. "Savings and Credit: Women's Informal Groups as Models for Change in Developing Countries" in Journal of Developing Areas 28:365-378.

• Wieland, Robert, Katherine Stearns, and Antonio Salas. 1990. "A review of Small and Micro Enterprises in Jamaica: Prospects for Assisting Them." Arlington, VA: Inter-American Management Consulting Corporation.

• Wigg, David, 1993, The Quiet Revolution, World Bank Development Essay #2, The World Bank, Washington, DC.

• Wignaraja, P. (1990), Women, Poverty and Access to Credit: Innovative Approaches. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

• Wiig, Arne (1997) 'Credit Expansion in Microcredit Programmes: Dilemmas and Feasible Methods for Studying Them', mimeo, Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), Washington DC.

• Williams, Jane, and William J. Davies, Toward an estimate of the black population in Grahamstown (Grahamstown: Development Studies Unit Institute of Social and Economic Research Rhodes University, 1989).

• Williamson, O. E. Economic Organization. New York, New York University Press, 1986.

• Willimason, S. D. "Recent Developments in Modeling Financial Intermediation," Quarterly Review. Minneapolis, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis (Summer 1987), p. 21.

• Wilmington, Martin W. 1983. "Aspects of Moneylending in Northern Sudan." In Rural Financial Markets in Developing Countries: Their Use and Abuse, edited by John D. Von Pischke, Dale W. Adams, and Gordon Donald, 255-61. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

• Winikoff, B., et al. 1986. `The Infant Feeding Study: Nairobi Site Report', paper prepared for the US Agency for International Development, Office of Nutrition, Washington, D.C.

• Woller, Gary M.; Dunford, Christopher; and Warner Woodworth. (1999) "Where to Microfinance?" International Journal of Economic Development, Vol. 1, No. 1, www.spaef.com/IJED_PUB/index.html.

• WOMEN AND CREDIT UNIONS, (20 June 1991) papers presented at the 1991 International Credit Union Forum Information Session

• Women World Banking, The Missing Links: Financial Systems that Work for the Majority. New York, 1995.

• Women's World Banking. 1989. `The Credit Guaranteed Mechanism for Improving Women's Access to Bank Loans', 174-184.

• Wood, G and Sharrif S (1997) Credit Where Credit is Due, Dhaka and London: UPL and Zed Press.

• Wood, G. D. and I. A. Shariff, Eds. (1997). Who Needs Credit? Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh. Bangladesh, The University Press.

• Wood, G.D., "Breaking Out of the Ghetto: Employment Generation and Credit for the Poor", in "Who Needs Credit ? Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh" (eds.) Geoffery D. Wood and Iffath Sharif, University Press Limited, Dhaka, 1997, and Zed Books, UK, 1997.

• World Bank (1989). World Development Report: Financial Systems and Development. Washington DC, World Bank.

• World Bank ; 1996 Bangladesh Rural Finance Agriculture and Natural Resources Division, Report No. 15484-BD, The World Bank

• World Bank, "Case studies in microfinance, Zimbabwe: ZAMBUCO Trust" (1995) (abstract executive summary).

• World Bank, "The informal sector and microfinance institutions in West Africa", Regional and Sectoral Studies, Leila Webster and Peter Fidler, eds. (1996).

• World Bank, "Bangladesh: Strategies for enhancing the role of women in economic development.," (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1990).

• World Bank, 1996, Bangladesh Rural Finance Report No. 15485-BD. Agricultural and Natural Resources Division, WB, Washington D.C.

• World Bank. 1983. Indonesia: Rural Credit Study. Washington, DC: World Bank.

• World Bank. 1984a. Agriculture Credit: Sector Policy Paper. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: World Bank.

• World Bank. 1987. `Credit Guarantee Schemes for Small and Medium Enterprises', Technical Paper No. 58, Industry and Finance Series, World Bank, Washington, D.C.

• World Bank. Finance at the Frontier. EDI Development Studies. Washington, D.C., 1991.

• World Bank. Sustainable Banking with the POOR, a Worldwide Inventory of Microfinance Institutions. Washington D.C., World Bank, July 1996.

• World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU). 1987. Feasibility Study: Establishment of an Apex Cooperative Financial Intermediary in the Philippines. Madison, W1: WOCCU.

• Wright, Graham A. N. and Shahnaz Ahmed, "A Comparative Study of Urban Savings and Credit Non Government Organizations in Bangladesh", ODA, Dhaka, 1992.

• Wright, Graham A.N., Stuart E. Rutherford and Mosharrof Hossain "Savings: Flexible Financial Services for the Poor (and not Just the Implementing Organisation)", in "Who Needs Credit ? Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh", edited by Geoffery D. Wood and Iffath Sharif, University Press Limited, Dhaka, 1996 and Zed Books, UK, 1997.

• Wright, Graham, Mosharrof Hossain and Stuart Rutherford, "Savings: Flexible Financial Services for the Poor (and not just the Implementing Organisation)", prepared for the International Workshop on Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh: Reviewing Two Decades of Experience, Dhaka, 1996, and published in Who Needs Credit? Poverty and Finance in Bangladesh, University Press Ltd., Dhaka (1997) and Zed Books Ltd., UK (1997).

• Yaron, J, Benjamin, M and Piprek, G (1997) Rural Finance: Issues, Design and Best Practices, Washington DC: Agriculture and Natural Resources Department, World Bank

• Yaron, J. (1992). Assessing finance institutions: a public interest analysis. Washington DC, World Bank.

• Yaron, J., M. Benjamin, et al. (1997). Rural Finance: Issues, Design and Best Practice. Washington DC, Agriculture and Natural Resources Department, World Bank.

• Yaron, Jacob, "Successful rural finance institutions," (Washington D.C..: World Bank, 1992).

• Yaron, Jacob, 1991, Successful Rural Finance Institutions, 2 Vols. Agriculture Policies Division, World Bank, Washington, DC.

• Yaron, Jacob. (1994). "What Makes Rural Finance Institutions Successful?" The World Bank Research Observer, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49-70.

• Yaron, Jacob. (1997). "How to Assess Performance of Development Finance Institutions." In Hartmut Schneider (ed.), Microfinance for the Poor?, pp. 63-71. Paris: OECD.

• Yaron, Jacob. 1991 a. "Development Finance Institutions: Is Current Assessment of their Financial performance Adequate?" Washington, DC: World Bank.

• Yaron, Jacob. 1991. "Successful Rural Finance Institutions." World Bank Discussion Paper No. 150. Washington, DC: World Bank

• Yunus, Muhammad, Credit for Self Employment: A Fundamental Human Right, Grameen Bank, Dhaka, 1987.

• Yunus, Muhammad, Experience in Organizing Grassroot Initiatives and Mobiliing People's Participation: The Case of Grameen Bank Project in Bangladesh. Paper Presented at the 25th World Conference of the Society for International Development. Baltimore, Md., 1982.

• Yunus, Muhammad, Jorimon and Others, Grameen Bank, Dhaka, 1984.

• Yunus, Muhammad, Peace is Freedom from Poverty, Grameen Bank, Dhaka, 1991.

• Yunus, Muhammad, Strategy for the Decade of Ninties, Grameen Bank, Dhaka, 1989.

• Yunus, M. and Jolis, A.(1998) Banker to the poor: the autobiography of Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank. Aurum

• Yunus, Muhammad, 1983, "If you can't beat them join them; or, how to operate your own financial institution", in Mattis, Ann, ed., 1984, A Society for International Development Prospectus, Duke UP for Society for International Development, Durham, NC, p. 79?90.

• Yunus, Muhammad, 1991, The Grameen Bank: Experiences and Reflections, Grameen Bank, Dhaka.

• Yunus, Muhammad, 1994, Grameen Bank As I See It, in Gibbons, David S, 1994, ed., The Grameen Reader, 2nd edition, Grameen Bank, Dhaka, p. 62-98

• Yunus, Muhammad, Experiences and Reflections, Grameen Bank, 1991.

• Yunus, Muhammad, Grameen Bank - The First Decade, Asian and Pacific Development Centre, 1986.

• Zadek, S and Gatward, M (1996) 'Transforming the Transnational NGOs: Social Auditing or Bust?', in M. Edwards and D. Hulme, Beyond the Magic Bullet: NGO Performance and Accountability in the Post-War World, West Hartford; Kumarian Press and London: Earthscan, 226-240

• Zaman M. A., and Merid Mekonnen, Case studies on rural insurance in Africa (Addis Ababa: UNECA/FAO, 1993).

• Zaman, H. (1998). "Can Mis-Targeting be Justified? Insights from BRAC's Micro-credit Programme." IDS Bulletin 29(4): 59-65.

• Zaman, Hassan, Z. Chowdhury and N. Chowdhury, "Current Accounts for the Rural Poor: A study on BRAC's Pilot Savings Scheme" BRAC, Dhaka, July 1994.

• Zelizer, V. A. (1993). Making Multiple Monies. Explorations in Economic Sociology. R. Swedberg. New York, Russell Sage Foundation: 193-212.

• Zeller, Manfred, "Repayment Performance in Group-Based Credit Programs in Bangladesh: An Empiral Analysis,"World Development 25, no. 10 (1997): 1731-1742.

• Zeller, Manfred, "Determinants of Repayment Performance in Credit Groups: The Role of Program Design, Intragroup Risk Pooling, and Social Cohesion,"Economic Development and Cultural Change , no. April 1998 (1998).

Return to the Bibliography Section

Hari Srinivas - hsrinivas@gdrc.org
Return to the Virtual Library on Microcredit